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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-34403
Territorial Bancorp Inc.
(Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
| Maryland | 26-4674701 | |
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | |
| 1132 Bishop Street, Suite 2200, Honolulu, Hawaii | 96813 | |
| (Address of Principal Executive Office) | (Zip Code) | |
(808) 946-1400
(Registrant’s Telephone Number including area code)
Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
(Title of Class)
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
(Name of exchange on which registered)
Securities Registered Under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES ¨ NO x
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 of 15(d) of the Act. YES ¨ NO x
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file reports), and (2) has been subject to such requirements for the past 90 days.
| (1) YES x NO ¨ |
| (2) YES x NO ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by a check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendments to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | x | |||
| Non-accelerated filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | ¨ | |||
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) ¨ YES x NO
The aggregate value of the voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, computed by reference to the closing price of the Registrant’s shares of common stock as of June 30, 2011 ($20.72) was $234.0 million.
As of February 29, 2012, there were 11,022,309 shares outstanding of the Registrant’s common stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K.
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TERRITORIAL BANCORP INC.
FORM 10-K
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
| • | statements of our goals, intentions and expectations; |
| • | statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies; |
| • | statements regarding the asset quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and |
| • | estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits. |
These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. Except as may be required by law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:
| • | general economic conditions, internationally, nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected; |
| • | competition among depository and other financial institutions; |
| • | inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins or reduce the fair value of financial instruments; |
| • | adverse changes in the securities markets; |
| • | changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements; |
| • | our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities; |
| • | our ability to successfully integrate acquired entities, if any; |
| • | changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits; |
| • | changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; |
| • | changes in our organization, compensation and benefit plans; |
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| • | the timing and amount of revenues that we may recognize; |
| • | the value and marketability of collateral underlying our loan portfolios; |
| • | the impact of recent legislation to restructure the U.S. financial and regulatory system; |
| • | the quality and composition of our investment portfolio; |
| • | changes in our financial condition or results of operations that reduce capital available to pay dividends; and |
| • | changes in the financial condition or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own. |
Because of these and a wide variety of other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. Please also see “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
Territorial Bancorp Inc.
Territorial Bancorp Inc. is a Maryland corporation and owns 100% of the common stock of Territorial Savings Bank. On July 10, 2009, we completed our initial public offering of common stock in connection with the mutual-to-stock conversion of Territorial Mutual Holding Company, selling 12,233,125 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share and raising $122.3 million of gross proceeds. Since the completion of our initial public offering, we have not engaged in any significant business activity other than owning the common stock of and having savings deposits in Territorial Savings Bank. At December 31, 2011, we had consolidated assets of $1.538 billion, consolidated deposits of $1.166 billion and consolidated stockholders’ equity of $214.0 million.
Our executive offices are located at 1132 Bishop Street, Suite 2200, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813. Our telephone number at this address is (808) 946-1400.
Territorial Savings Bank
Territorial Savings Bank is a federally chartered savings bank headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii. Territorial Savings Bank was organized in 1921, and reorganized into the mutual holding company structure in 2002. Territorial Savings Bank is currently the wholly-owned subsidiary of Territorial Bancorp Inc. We provide financial services to individuals, families and businesses through our 27 banking offices located throughout the State of Hawaii.
Territorial Savings Bank’s executive offices are located at 1132 Bishop Street, Suite 2200, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813. Our telephone number at this address is (808) 946-1400.
Available Information
Territorial Bancorp Inc. is a public company, and files interim, quarterly and annual reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These reports are on file and a matter of public record with the Securities and Exchange Commission and may be read and copied at the Securities and Exchange
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Commission’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC (http://www.sec.gov).
Our website address is www.territorialsavings.net. Information on our website should not be considered a part of this annual report.
General
Territorial Savings Bank’s business consists primarily of accepting deposits from the general public and investing those deposits, together with funds generated from operations and borrowings, in one- to four-family residential mortgage loans and investment securities. To a much lesser extent, we also originate home equity loans and lines of credit, construction, commercial and other non-residential real estate loans, consumer loans, multi-family mortgage loans and other loans. Territorial Savings Bank offers a variety of deposit accounts, including passbook and statement savings accounts, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, commercial and regular checking accounts and Super NOW accounts. Through our subsidiary, Territorial Financial Services, Inc., we engage in insurance agency activities. We also offer various non-deposit investments to our customers, including annuities and mutual funds, through a third-party broker-dealer.
Market Area
We conduct business from our corporate offices and from our 27 full-service branch offices located throughout the State of Hawaii.
The two largest components of Hawaii’s economy are tourism and the federal government, including the military. The Hawaii Tourism Authority reported a 3.8% increase in tourists in 2011 compared to 2010. The increase in visitor arrivals is primarily due to growth in the number of visitors from the United States, Canada and Asia. Total visitor expenditures in 2011 were 15.6% higher than in 2010. There were 7.3 million visitors to the state in 2011 and total expenditures amounted to $12.581 billion. Activity in the visitor industry in 2011 was lower than the 2007 peak when visitor arrivals totaled 7.4 million with total spending of $12.626 billion.
The unemployment rate for the State of Hawaii was 6.6% in December 2011, representing an increase from a rate of 6.3% in December 2010. This rate continued to be lower than the unemployment rate for the United States, which decreased to 8.5% in December 2011 from 9.4% in December 2010. Employment in the construction industry has fallen from 39,700 jobs in late 2007 to below 25,400 jobs in November 2011. Currently, the only major construction project in progress in the state is the United States military’s $3.0 billion housing expansion project, which is expected to be completed over the next eight years. The construction phase of the City and County of Honolulu’s mass transit rail project is expected to start sometime in 2012. When the transit project starts, it will give the construction industry a major boost as the project is projected to employ 10,000 people a year over the next eight years.
The number of existing single-family homes and condominium units sold in 2011 has increased compared to 2010, but real estate prices on some islands have declined. Home prices have not declined as severely as those reported on the mainland.
On the island of Oahu, the primary real estate market in Hawaii, sales of existing single-family homes totaled 2,974 units for the year ended December 2011, a decrease of 2.7% compared to sales in
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2010. The number of condominium sales, a notable portion of the overall housing market, grew by 1.3% in 2011 compared to 2010. The median price paid on Oahu for a single-family home in 2011 was $575,000, a decrease of 3.0% compared to the median price in 2010. The median price paid on Oahu for condominiums in 2011 was $300,000, a decrease of 1.6% compared to the median price in 2010.
On the island of Maui, the second largest real estate market in Hawaii, sales of existing single-family homes totaled 898 units in 2011, an increase of 9.9% compared to similar sales during 2010. The number of condominium sales increased by 1.0% in 2011 compared to 2010. The median price paid for a single-family home on Maui in 2011 was $433,500, a decrease of 5.8% compared to the median price in 2010. The median price paid on Maui for condominiums in 2011 was $310,000, a 17.9% decrease compared to the median price in 2010.
Foreclosure and bankruptcy filings fell in 2011 compared to 2010. There were 6,012 mortgage foreclosure cases in Hawaii in 2011, a 51.6% decrease from 2010. The decrease in foreclosure filings is attributed to a new Hawaii law which was intended to protect homeowners’ rights by requiring mediation in nonjudicial foreclosure cases. In 2011, there were 3,325 bankruptcy filings, a decrease of 15.9% compared to the number of filings in 2010.
Competition
We face intense competition in our market area both in making loans and attracting deposits. We compete with commercial banks, savings institutions, mortgage brokerage firms, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies and investment banking firms. Some of our competitors have greater name recognition and market presence that benefit them in attracting business, and offer certain services that we do not or cannot provide.
Our deposit sources are primarily concentrated in the communities surrounding our banking offices, located in all four counties in the State of Hawaii. As of June 30, 2011 (the latest date for which information is publicly available), we ranked fifth in deposit market share (out of 11 banks and thrift institutions with offices in Hawaii) in the State of Hawaii, with a 3.76% market share. As of that date, our largest market share was in the City and County of Honolulu, where we ranked fifth in deposit market share (out of 11 banks and thrift institutions with offices in the county) with a 3.93% market share.
Lending Activities
Our primary lending activity is the origination of one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. To a much lesser extent, we also originate home equity loans and lines of credit, construction, commercial and other non-residential real estate loans, consumer loans, multi-family mortgage loans and commercial business loans.
One- to Four-Family Residential Mortgage Loans. At December 31, 2011, $654.4 million, or 93.9% of our total loan portfolio, consisted of one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. We offer conforming, fixed-rate and adjustable-rate residential mortgage loans with maturities generally up to 30 years, and to a much more limited extent, of up to 40 years and non-conforming loans with maturities of up to 50 years. There has been little demand for adjustable-rate mortgage loans in our market area.
One- to four-family residential mortgage loans are generally underwritten according to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines, and we refer to loans that conform to such guidelines as “conforming loans.” We generally originate both fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage loans in amounts up to the maximum conforming loan limits as established by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, which is currently $625,500 for single-family homes located in the State of Hawaii. We also originate loans above
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this amount, which are referred to as “jumbo loans.” These jumbo loan amounts are generally up to $1.0 million, although we do originate loans above this amount. We generally originate fixed-rate jumbo loans with terms of up to 30 years. We have not originated significant amounts of adjustable-rate jumbo loans in recent years due to customer preference for fixed-rate loans in our market area. We generally underwrite jumbo loans in a manner similar to conforming loans. Jumbo loans are not uncommon in our market area.
We will originate loans with loan-to-value ratios in excess of 80%, up to and including a loan-to-value ratio of 100%. We generally require private mortgage insurance for loans with loan-to-value ratios in excess of 80%. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we originated $13.4 million of one- to four-family residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios in excess of 80%. Prior to 2010, we retained the servicing rights on the residential mortgage loans sold. In 2010, we began selling loans on a servicing-released basis. For the year ended December 31, 2011, we received servicing fees of $348,000. As of December 31, 2011, the principal balance of loans serviced for others totaled $115.3 million.
We offer a variety of credit programs for low- to moderate-income and first-time home purchasers. These include our first time home purchaser program, where the borrower will receive a 100 basis point reduction in points charged in connection with the loan. We will also originate first mortgage loans to lower-income individuals who reside in rural census tracts where the U.S. Department of Agriculture will issue a second mortgage and complete the underwriting of the loan, subject to our review before origination. We also offer both FHA and VA fixed-rate loans.
Other than our loans for the construction of one- to four-family residential mortgage loans (described under “—Nonresidential Real Estate Loans”), we currently do not originate new “interest only” mortgage loans on one- to four-family residential properties (where the borrower pays interest for an initial period, after which the loan converts to a fully amortizing loan). We also do not offer loans that provide for negative amortization of principal, such as “Option ARM” loans, where the borrower can pay less than the interest owed on their loan, resulting in an increased principal balance during the life of the loan. We do not offer “subprime loans” (loans that generally target borrowers with weakened credit histories typically characterized by payment delinquencies, previous charge-offs, judgments, bankruptcies, or borrowers with questionable repayment capacity as evidenced by low credit scores or high debt-burden ratios) or Alt-A loans (traditionally defined as non-conforming loans having less than full documentation).
Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit. In addition to traditional one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, we offer home equity loans and home equity lines of credit that are secured primarily by one- to four- residential homes. Home equity lines of credit have a maximum term of 10 years during which time the borrower is required to make payments to principal based on the amortization of 0.125% of principal outstanding per month. The borrower is permitted to draw against the line during the entire term. Our home equity lines of credit are originated with adjustable rates of interest or with fixed rates of interest that convert to adjustable rates of interest after an initial period of up to three years. Our home equity loans are originated with fixed rates of interest and with terms of up to 30 years. Home equity loans and lines of credit are generally underwritten with the same criteria that we use to underwrite one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. Home equity loans may be underwritten with a loan-to-value ratio of 80% when combined with the principal balance of the existing mortgage loan, while lines of credit for owner-occupied properties and investment properties may be underwritten with loan-to-value ratios of 75% and 65%, respectively, when combined with the principal balance of the existing mortgage loan. We require appraisals on home equity loans and lines of credit when the aggregate loan amount exceeds 60% of the property’s tax assessed value or when the home equity loan or line of credit is $250,000 or greater. When the aggregate loan amount is below 60% of the property’s tax assessed value, the tax assessed value must be validated by the Bank’s Appraisal Department. At the time we close a
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home equity loan or line of credit, we record a mortgage to perfect our security interest in the underlying collateral. At December 31, 2011, the outstanding balance of home equity loans totaled $8.4 million, or 1.2% of our total loan portfolio, and the outstanding balance of home equity lines of credit totaled $8.9 million, or 1.3% of our total loan portfolio.
Non-residential Real Estate Loans. Our non-residential real estate loans consist primarily of commercial real estate loans and construction loans for residential real estate projects. These loans totaled $12.7 million, or 1.8% of our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2011. The commercial real estate properties primarily include owner-occupied light industrial properties. We generally seek to originate commercial real estate loans with initial principal balances of $1.0 million or less. Loans secured by commercial real estate totaled $8.0 million, or 1.1%, of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 2011, and consisted of 14 loans outstanding with an average loan balance of approximately $570,000. All of our non-residential real estate loans are secured by properties located in our primary market area. At December 31, 2011, our largest commercial real estate loan had a principal balance of approximately $1.6 million and was secured by real property and a building which is being used as an elderly care facility. This loan was performing in accordance with its terms at December 31, 2011.
In the underwriting of commercial real estate loans, we generally lend up to the lesser of 75% of the property’s appraised value or purchase price. We base our decision to lend primarily on the economic viability of the property and the creditworthiness of the borrower. In evaluating a proposed commercial real estate loan, we emphasize the ratio of the property’s projected net cash flow to the loan’s debt service requirement (generally requiring a minimum ratio of 110%), computed after deduction for a vacancy factor and property expenses we deem appropriate. Personal guarantees are usually obtained from commercial real estate borrowers. We require title insurance, fire and extended coverage casualty insurance, and, if appropriate, flood insurance, in order to protect our security interest in the underlying property. Almost all of our commercial real estate loans are generated internally by our loan officers.
Commercial real estate loans generally carry higher interest rates and have shorter terms than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. Commercial real estate loans, however, entail greater credit risks compared to one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, as they typically involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. In addition, the payment of loans secured by income-producing properties typically depends, in large part, on sufficient income from the property to cover operating expenses and debt service. Changes in economic conditions that are not in the control of the borrower or lender could affect the value of the collateral for the loan or the future cash flow of the property. Additionally, any decline in real estate values may be more pronounced for commercial real estate than residential properties.
We also originate a limited amount of construction loans to experienced developers, almost exclusively for the construction of residential real estate projects. Construction loans are also made to individuals for the construction of their personal residences. Construction loans to individuals are generally “interest-only” loans during the construction period, and convert to permanent, amortizing loans following the completion of construction. At December 31, 2011, construction loans totaled $2.3 million, or 0.3% of total loans receivable. At December 31, 2011, the additional unadvanced portion of these construction loans totaled $1.6 million.
Advances on construction loans are made in accordance with a schedule reflecting the cost of construction, but are generally limited to an 80% loan-to-completed-appraised-value ratio. Repayment of construction loans on residential properties is normally expected from the sale of units to individual purchasers. In the case of income-producing property, repayment is usually expected from permanent financing upon completion of construction. We typically provide the permanent mortgage financing on our construction loans on income-producing property.
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Before making a commitment to fund a construction loan, we require an appraisal of the property by a licensed appraiser. We inspect properties before disbursement of funds during the term of the construction loan.
Construction financing generally involves greater credit risk than long-term financing on improved, owner-occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the value of the property at completion of construction compared to the estimated cost (including interest) of construction and other assumptions. If the estimate of construction cost is inaccurate, we may be required to advance additional funds beyond the amount originally committed in order to protect the value of the property. Moreover, if the estimated value of the completed project is inaccurate, the borrower may hold a property with a value that is insufficient to assure full repayment of the construction loan upon the sale of the property. In the event we make a land acquisition loan on property that is not yet approved for the planned development, there is the risk that approvals will not be granted or will be delayed. We currently do not have any land acquisition development and construction loans. Construction loans also expose us to the risk that improvements will not be completed on time in accordance with specifications and projected costs. In addition, the ultimate sale or rental of the property may not occur as anticipated.
Loan Originations, Purchases, Sales, Participations and Servicing. All loans that we originate are underwritten pursuant to our policies and procedures, which incorporate standard underwriting guidelines, including those of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, to the extent applicable. We originate both adjustable-rate and fixed-rate loans. However, in our market area, customer demand is primarily for fixed-rate loans. Our loan origination and sales activity may be adversely affected by a rising interest rate environment that typically results in decreased loan demand. Most of our one- to four-family residential mortgage loan originations are generated by our branch managers and employees located in our banking offices and our additional commissioned loan officers located in our corporate headquarters. We also advertise throughout our market area. We also receive loans from mortgage brokers, mortgage bankers and other financial institutions who work with our staff to process and close these loans. We underwrite and approve all of these loans.
Prior to 2010, we retained the servicing rights on residential mortgage loans sold. In 2010, we began selling loans on a servicing-released basis. We sell loans to assist us in managing interest rate risk. We sold $61.2 million, $45.1 million and $85.2 million of residential mortgage loans (all fixed-rate loans, with terms of 10 years or longer) during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. We had 12 loans totaling $3.2 million classified as held for sale at December 31, 2011.
We sell our loans without recourse, except for normal representations and warranties provided in sales transactions. At December 31, 2011, we were servicing loans owned by others with a principal balance of $115.3 million. Loan servicing includes collecting and remitting loan payments, accounting for principal and interest, contacting delinquent borrowers, supervising foreclosures and property dispositions in the event of unremedied defaults, making certain insurance and tax payments on behalf of the borrowers and generally administering the loans. We retain a portion of the interest paid by the borrower on the loans we service as consideration for our servicing activities. At December 31, 2011, substantially all of the loans serviced for Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were performing in accordance with their contractual terms and we believe that there are no material repurchase obligations associated with these loans. We have not entered into loan participations in recent years.
Loan Approval Procedures and Authority. Our lending activities follow written, non-discriminatory underwriting standards and loan origination procedures established by our Board of Directors. The loan approval process is intended to assess the borrower’s ability to repay the loan and value of the property that will secure the loan. To assess the borrower’s ability to repay, we review the borrower’s employment and credit history and information on the historical and projected income and expenses of the borrower.
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Our policies and loan approval limits are established by the Board of Directors. Aggregate lending relationships in amounts up to $2.0 million can be approved by designated individual officers or officers acting together with specific lending approval authority. Relationships in excess of $2.0 million require the approval of the Loan Committee of the Board of Directors.
Territorial Savings Bank also uses automated underwriting systems to review one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. We require appraisals of all real property securing one- to four-family residential real estate loans, and on property securing home equity loans and lines of credit when the aggregate loan amount exceeds 60% of the property’s tax assessed value or when the loan or line of credit is $250,000 or greater. All appraisers are licensed appraisers and all third-party appraisers are approved by the Board of Directors annually.
Investments
Our Board of Directors has primary responsibility for establishing and overseeing our investment policy. The Board of Directors has delegated authority to implement the investment policy to our Investment Committee, consisting of the same members as our Asset/Liability Management Committee. The investment policy is reviewed at least annually by the Investment Committee, and any changes to the policy are subject to approval by the full Board of Directors. The overall objectives of the Investment Policy are to maintain a portfolio of high quality and diversified investments to maximize interest income over the long term and to minimize risk, to provide collateral for borrowings, to provide additional earnings when loan production is low, and to reduce our tax liability. The policy dictates that investment decisions give consideration to the safety of principal, liquidity requirements and potential returns. Our Senior Vice President and Treasurer executes our securities portfolio transactions as directed by the Investment Committee. All purchase and sale transactions are reported to the Board of Directors on a monthly basis.
Our current investment policy permits investments in securities issued by the United States Government as well as mortgage-backed securities and direct obligations of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. The investment policy also permits, with certain limitations, investments in certificates of deposit, bank owned life insurance, collateralized mortgage obligations, trust preferred securities, municipal securities and stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle. We purchased stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle in order to obtain services such as demand deposit accounts, certificates of deposit, security safekeeping services and borrowings in the form of advances.
Our current investment policy does not permit investment in stripped mortgage-backed securities, complex securities and derivatives as defined in federal banking regulations and other high-risk securities. As of December 31, 2011, we held no asset-backed securities other than mortgage-backed securities. As a federal savings bank, Territorial Savings Bank is not permitted to invest in equity securities. This general restriction does not apply to Territorial Bancorp Inc.
Our current policies do not permit hedging activities, such as engaging in futures, options or swap transactions, or investing in high-risk mortgage derivatives, such as collateralized mortgage obligation residual interests, real estate mortgage investment conduit residual interests or stripped mortgage-backed securities.
The Investments—Debt and Equity Securities topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) requires that, at the time of purchase, we designate a
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security as either held to maturity, available-for-sale, or trading, based upon our ability and intent to hold the security until maturity. Securities available-for-sale and trading securities are reported at market value and securities held to maturity are reported at amortized cost. A periodic review and evaluation of the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities portfolios is conducted to determine if the fair value of any security has declined below its carrying value and whether such decline is other-than-temporary. If we do not have the intent to sell a security and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell a security, impairment occurs when the present value of the remaining cash flows is less than the remaining amortized cost basis. The difference between the present value of remaining cash flows and the remaining amortized cost basis is considered a credit loss. If a credit loss has occurred, impairment is recorded by writing down the value of a security to its fair market value. The difference between the write down and the credit loss is considered other comprehensive loss, which is a reduction of net worth.
Our securities held to maturity at December 31, 2011 consisted primarily of securities with the following amortized costs: $579.3 million of mortgage-backed securities, $74.5 million of collateralized mortgage obligations and $32,000 of trust preferred securities which were issued by pools of issuers consisting primarily of financial institution holding companies. At December 31, 2011, all of our mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations were issued by Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae. At December 31, 2011, there were no securities classified as available-for-sale. At December 31, 2011, none of the collateral underlying our securities portfolio was considered subprime or Alt-A, and we did not hold any common or preferred stock issued by Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae as of that date. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Balance Sheet Analysis—Securities” for a discussion of the recent performance of our securities portfolio. The fair values of our securities are based on published or securities dealers’ market values.
We purchase mortgage-backed securities insured or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. Historically, we invested in mortgage-backed securities to achieve positive interest rate spreads with minimal administrative expense and to lower our credit risk as a result of the guarantees provided by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae. However, in September 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency placed Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae into conservatorship. The U.S. Treasury Department has established financing agreements to ensure that Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae meet their obligations to holders of mortgage-backed securities that they have issued or guaranteed. These actions have not affected the markets for mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae.
Mortgage-backed securities are securities issued in the secondary market that are collateralized by pools of mortgages. Certain types of mortgage-backed securities are commonly referred to as “pass-through” certificates because the principal and interest of the underlying loans is “passed through” to investors, net of certain costs, including servicing and guarantee fees. Mortgage-backed securities typically are collateralized by pools of one- to four-family or multi-family mortgages, although we invest primarily in mortgage-backed securities backed by one- to four-family mortgages. The interest rate of the security is lower than the interest rates of the underlying loans to allow for payment of servicing and guaranty fees. Ginnie Mae, a United States Government agency, and government sponsored enterprises, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, either guarantee the payments or guarantee the timely payment of principal and interest to investors. Mortgage-backed securities are more liquid than individual mortgage loans since there is an active trading market for such securities. In addition, mortgage-backed securities may be used to collateralize our borrowings. Investments in mortgage-backed securities involve a risk that actual payments will be greater or less than the prepayment rate estimated at the time of purchase, which may require adjustments to the amortization of any premium or accretion of any discount relating to such interests, thereby affecting the net yield on our securities.
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Sources of Funds
General. Deposits traditionally have been our primary source of funds for our investment and lending activities. We also borrow from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle and from securities dealers through securities sold under agreements to repurchase to supplement cash flow needs, to lengthen the maturities of liabilities for interest rate risk management purposes and to manage our cost of funds. Our additional sources of funds are loan repayments, maturing investments, retained earnings, income on other earning assets and the proceeds of loan sales.
Deposits. We accept deposits primarily from the areas in which our offices are located. We rely on our competitive pricing and products, convenient locations and quality customer service to attract and retain deposits. We offer a variety of deposit accounts with a range of interest rates and terms. Our deposit accounts consist of passbook and statement savings accounts, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, commercial and regular checking accounts and Super NOW accounts. Historically, we have not accepted brokered deposits.
Interest rates paid, maturity terms, service fees and withdrawal penalties are established on a periodic basis. Deposit rates and terms are based primarily on current operating strategies, market interest rates, liquidity requirements and our deposit growth goals.
Borrowings. Our borrowings consist of funds borrowed from securities sold under agreements to repurchase and advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle. At December 31, 2011, our securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaled $108.3 million, or 8.2% of total liabilities, and Federal Home Loan Bank advances totaled $20.0 million, or 1.5% of total liabilities. At December 31, 2011, we had access to additional Federal Home Loan Bank advances of up to $361.0 million. Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle are secured by our investment in the common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle as well as by a blanket pledge on our assets not otherwise pledged. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are secured by mortgage-backed securities.
Subsidiary Activities
Through December 30, 2010, Territorial Savings Bank owned 100% of the common stock of Territorial Holdings, Inc., a Hawaii corporation, which in turn owned 100% of the voting common stock of Territorial Realty, Inc. Territorial Realty, Inc. was a Hawaii real estate investment trust that held mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities. These entities enabled Territorial Savings Bank to segregate certain assets for management purposes, and promoted Territorial Savings Bank’s ability to raise regulatory capital in the future through the sale of preferred stock or other capital-enhancing securities by these entities. On December 31, 2010, Territorial Holdings, Inc. and Territorial Realty, Inc. were liquidated and their accounts and results of operations were incorporated into Territorial Savings Bank.
Territorial Savings Bank owns 100% of the common stock of Territorial Financial Services, Inc., a Hawaii corporation that engages primarily in insurance activities. At December 31, 2011, Territorial Savings Bank’s investment in Territorial Financial Services, Inc. was $12,000, and Territorial Financial Services, Inc. had assets of $70,000 at that date. Territorial Savings Bank also owns 100% of the common stock of Territorial Real Estate Co., Inc., an inactive Hawaii corporation that is authorized to manage and dispose of troubled real estate.
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Personnel
As of December 31, 2011, we had 253 full-time employees and 10 part-time employees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining group. Management believes that we have a good working relationship with our employees.
FEDERAL AND STATE TAXATION
Federal Taxation
General. Territorial Bancorp Inc. and Territorial Savings Bank are subject to federal income taxation in the same general manner as other corporations, with some exceptions discussed below. The following discussion of federal taxation is intended only to summarize material federal income tax matters and is not a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to Territorial Bancorp Inc. and Territorial Savings Bank.
Method of Accounting. For federal income tax purposes, Territorial Bancorp Inc. currently reports its income and expenses on the accrual method of accounting and uses a tax year ending December 31st for filing its consolidated federal income tax returns. The Small Business Protection Act of 1996 eliminated the use of the reserve method of accounting for bad debt reserves by savings institutions, effective for taxable years beginning after 1995.
Minimum Tax. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, imposes an alternative minimum tax at a rate of 20% on a base of regular taxable income plus certain tax preferences, referred to as “alternative minimum taxable income.” The alternative minimum tax is payable to the extent alternative minimum taxable income is in excess of an exemption amount. Net operating losses can, in general, offset no more than 90% of alternative minimum taxable income. Certain payments of alternative minimum tax may be used as credits against regular tax liabilities in future years. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, Territorial Bancorp Inc. had no alternative minimum tax credit carryforward.
Net Operating Loss Carryovers. A financial institution may carry back net operating losses to the preceding two taxable years and forward to the succeeding 20 taxable years. However, as a result of recent legislation, subject to certain limitations, the carryback period for net operating losses incurred in 2008 or 2009 (but not both years) has been expanded to five years. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, Territorial Savings Bank had no net operating loss carryforward for federal income tax purposes.
Corporate Dividends. We may exclude from our income 100% of dividends received from Territorial Savings Bank as a member of the same affiliated group of corporations.
Audit of Tax Returns. Territorial Bancorp Inc.’s federal income tax returns have not been audited in the most recent five-year period.
State Taxation
Territorial Bancorp Inc. and Territorial Savings Bank are subject to a franchise tax imposed under Hawaii law at a rate of 7.92% of net income. The net income to which the tax rate is applied is determined in a manner consistent with the taxable income determined for federal purposes with some adjustments. The principal adjustment to federal taxable income is the inclusion of interest received on municipal bonds in gross income for Hawaii franchise tax purposes.
Territorial Bancorp Inc.’s state franchise tax returns have not been audited in the most recent five-year period.
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SUPERVISION AND REGULATION
General
Territorial Savings Bank is examined and supervised by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and is subject to examination by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. This regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which an institution may engage and is intended primarily for the protection of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s deposit insurance fund and depositors, and not for the protection of security holders. Under this system of federal regulation, financial institutions are periodically examined to ensure that they satisfy applicable standards with respect to their capital adequacy, assets, management, earnings, liquidity and sensitivity to market interest rates. Territorial Savings Bank also is regulated to a lesser extent by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or Federal Reserve Board, governing reserves to be maintained against deposits and other matters. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency examines Territorial Savings Bank and prepares reports for the consideration of the Bank’s Board of Directors on any operating deficiencies. Territorial Savings Bank’s relationship with its depositors and borrowers also is regulated to a great extent by federal law and, to a much lesser extent, state law, especially in matters concerning the ownership of deposit accounts and the form and content of Territorial Savings Bank’s loan documents.
Any change in these laws or regulations, whether by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency or Congress, could have a material adverse impact on Territorial Bancorp Inc., Territorial Savings Bank and their operations.
Territorial Bancorp Inc., as a savings and loan holding company, is required to file certain reports with, is subject to examination by, and otherwise must comply with the rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board. Territorial Bancorp Inc. is also subject to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the federal securities laws.
Certain of the regulatory requirements that are applicable to Territorial Savings Bank and Territorial Bancorp Inc. are described below. This description of statutes and regulations is not intended to be a complete description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on Territorial Savings Bank and Territorial Bancorp Inc. and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual statutes and regulations.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”), signed into law in 2010, eliminated our primary federal regulator, the Office of Thrift Supervision, by merging the Office of Thrift Supervision into the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the primary federal regulator for national banks). The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency assumed the responsibility for examining, regulating and enforcing laws and regulations against federal savings banks effective July 21, 2011. The legislation also established a Financial Services Oversight Council and granted the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System exclusive authority to regulate all bank and thrift holding companies. As a result, Territorial Bancorp Inc. became subject to supervision by the Federal Reserve Board as opposed to the Office of Thrift Supervision. Compliance with new regulations and being supervised by one or more new regulatory agencies could increase our expenses.
The Dodd-Frank Act also created a new agency, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, as an independent bureau of the Federal Reserve Board, to take over the implementation of federal consumer financial protection and fair lending laws from the depository institution regulators. However, institutions
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with $10 billion or fewer in assets, such as Territorial Savings Bank, will continue to be examined for compliance with such laws and regulations by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, its primary banking regulator, rather than the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
Federal Banking Regulation
Business Activities. A federal savings bank derives its lending and investment powers from the Home Owners’ Loan Act, as amended, and the regulations of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Under these laws and regulations, Territorial Savings Bank may invest in mortgage loans secured by residential and commercial real estate, commercial business and consumer loans, certain types of investment securities and certain other assets, subject to applicable limits. Territorial Savings Bank also may establish subsidiaries that may engage in activities not otherwise permissible for Territorial Savings Bank, including real estate investment and securities and insurance brokerage. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act authorized the payment of interest on commercial checking accounts, effective July 21, 2011.
Capital Requirements. Federal regulations require savings banks to meet three minimum capital standards: a 1.5% tangible capital ratio, a 4% leverage ratio (3% for savings banks receiving the highest rating on the CAMELS rating system) and an 8% risk-based capital ratio.
The risk-based capital standard for savings banks requires the maintenance of Tier 1 (core) and total capital (which is defined as core capital and supplementary capital) to risk-weighted assets of at least 4% and 8%, respectively. In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets, are multiplied by a risk-weight factor of 0% to 100%, assigned by the Office of Thrift Supervision, based on the risks believed inherent in the type of asset. Core capital is defined as common stockholders’ equity (including retained earnings), certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries, less intangibles other than certain mortgage servicing rights and credit card relationships. The components of supplementary capital include cumulative preferred stock, long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, subordinated debt and intermediate preferred stock, the allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values. Overall, the amount of supplementary capital included as part of total capital cannot exceed 100% of core capital. Additionally, a savings bank that retains credit risk in connection with an asset sale may be required to maintain additional regulatory capital because of the recourse back to the savings bank. In assessing an institution’s capital adequacy, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency takes into consideration not only these numeric factors but also qualitative factors as well, and has the authority to establish higher capital requirements for individual associations where necessary.
At December 31, 2011, Territorial Savings Bank’s capital exceeded all applicable requirements.
Loans-to-One Borrower. Generally, a federal savings bank may not make a loan or extend credit to a single or related group of borrowers in excess of 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus. An additional amount may be loaned, equal to 10% of unimpaired capital and surplus, if the loan is secured by readily marketable collateral, which generally does not include real estate. As of December 31, 2011, Territorial Savings Bank’s largest lending relationship with a single or related group of borrowers totaled $3.2 million, which represented 1.6% of unimpaired capital and surplus. Therefore, Territorial Savings Bank was in compliance with the loans-to-one borrower limitations.
Qualified Thrift Lender Test. As a federal savings bank, Territorial Savings Bank must satisfy the qualified thrift lender, or “QTL,” test. Under the QTL test, Territorial Savings Bank must maintain at
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least 65% of its “portfolio assets” in “qualified thrift investments” (primarily residential mortgages and related investments, including mortgage-backed securities) in at least nine months of the most recent 12-month period. “Portfolio assets” generally means total assets of a savings institution, less the sum of specified liquid assets up to 20% of total assets, goodwill and other intangible assets, and the value of property used in the conduct of the savings bank’s business.
Territorial Savings Bank also may satisfy the QTL test by qualifying as a “domestic building and loan association” as defined in the Internal Revenue Code. A savings bank that fails the qualified thrift lender test must operate under specified restrictions set forth in the Home Owners’ Loan Act. Additionally, the Dodd-Frank Act made noncompliance with the QTL test potentially subject to agency enforcement action for violation of law.
At December 31, 2011, Territorial Savings Bank maintained approximately 95.6% of its portfolio assets in qualified thrift investments and, therefore, satisfied the QTL test.
Capital Distributions. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency regulations govern capital distributions by a federal savings bank, which include cash dividends, stock repurchases and other transactions charged to the savings bank’s capital account. A savings bank must file an application for approval of a capital distribution if:
| • | the total capital distributions for the applicable calendar year exceed the sum of the savings bank’s net income for that year to date plus the savings bank’s retained net income for the preceding two years; |
| • | the savings bank would not be at least adequately capitalized following the distribution; |
| • | the distribution would violate any applicable statute, regulation, agreement or the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency-imposed condition; or |
| • | the savings bank is not eligible for expedited treatment of its filings. |
Even if an application is not otherwise required, every savings bank that is a subsidiary of a holding company must still file a notice with the Federal Reserve Board at least 30 days before the Board of Directors declares a dividend or approves a capital distribution.
The Federal Reserve Board, upon consultation with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, may disapprove a notice or application if:
| • | the savings bank would be undercapitalized following the distribution; |
| • | the proposed capital distribution raises safety and soundness concerns; or |
| • | the capital distribution would violate a prohibition contained in any statute, regulation with a federal banking regulatory agency or any formal or informal enforcement action. |
In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Act provides that an insured depository institution shall not make any capital distribution if, after making such distribution, the institution would be undercapitalized.
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Liquidity. A federal savings bank is required to maintain a sufficient amount of liquid assets to ensure its safe and sound operation. Our primary source of liquidity to meet our short- and long-term funding needs are cash balances at the Federal Reserve Bank, savings deposits, loan repayments, loan sales, securities sold under agreements to repurchase with security dealers and borrowing lines at the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle. At December 31, 2011, we had $131.9 million of cash and cash equivalents. We also had the capacity to borrow up to $361.0 million from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle at December 31, 2011.
Community Reinvestment Act and Fair Lending Laws. All savings banks have a responsibility under the Community Reinvestment Act and related federal regulations to help meet the credit needs of their communities, including low- and moderate-income borrowers. In connection with its examination of a federal savings bank, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is required to assess the savings bank’s record of compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act. In addition, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act prohibit lenders from discriminating in their lending practices on the basis of characteristics specified in those statutes. A savings bank’s failure to comply with the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act could, at a minimum, result in denial of certain corporate applications such as branches or mergers, or in restrictions on its activities. The failure to comply with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act could result in enforcement actions by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, as well as other federal regulatory agencies and the Department of Justice. The Community Reinvestment Act requires all Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-insured institutions to publicly disclose their rating. Territorial Savings Bank received a satisfactory Community Reinvestment Act rating in its most recent federal examination.
Transactions with Related Parties. A federal savings bank’s authority to engage in transactions with its affiliates is limited by Office of the Comptroller of the Currency regulations and by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and its implementing Regulation W promulgated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. An affiliate is generally a company that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with an insured depository institution such as Territorial Savings Bank. Territorial Bancorp Inc. is an affiliate of Territorial Savings Bank. In general, transactions between an insured depository institution and its affiliates are subject to certain quantitative and collateral requirements. In addition, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency regulations prohibit a savings bank from lending to any of its affiliates that are engaged in activities that are not permissible for bank holding companies and from purchasing the securities of any affiliate, other than a subsidiary. Finally, transactions with affiliates must be consistent with safe and sound banking practices, not involve low-quality assets and be on terms that are as favorable to the institution as comparable transactions with nonaffiliates. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency requires savings banks to maintain detailed records of all transactions with affiliates.
Territorial Savings Bank’s authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10% stockholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is currently governed by the requirements of Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation O of the Federal Reserve Board. Among other things, these provisions require that extensions of credit to insiders:
| (i) | be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features, and |
| (ii) | not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of Territorial Savings Bank’s capital. |
In addition, extensions of credit in excess of certain limits must be approved by Territorial Savings Bank’s Board of Directors.
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Enforcement. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency has primary enforcement responsibility over federal savings institutions and has the authority to bring enforcement action against all “institution-affiliated parties,” including directors, officers, stockholders, attorneys, appraisers and accountants who knowingly or recklessly participate in wrongful action likely to have an adverse effect on an insured institution. Formal enforcement action by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency may range from the issuance of a capital directive or cease and desist order to removal of officers and/or directors of the institution, and the appointment of a receiver or conservator. Civil penalties cover a wide range of violations and actions, and range up to $25,000 per day, unless a finding of reckless disregard is made, in which case penalties may be as high as $1 million per day. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation also has the authority to terminate deposit insurance or to recommend to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency that enforcement action be taken with respect to a particular savings institution. If action is not taken by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has authority to take action under specified circumstances.
The Comptroller of the Currency has assumed the Office of Thrift Supervision’s enforcement authority under the Dodd-Frank Act regulatory restructuring.
Standards for Safety and Soundness. Federal law requires each federal banking agency to prescribe certain standards for all insured depository institutions. These standards relate to, among other things, internal controls, information systems and audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, asset growth, compensation, and other operational and managerial standards as the agency deems appropriate. Interagency guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. If the appropriate federal banking agency determines that an institution fails to meet any standard prescribed by the guidelines, the agency may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard. If an institution fails to meet these standards, the appropriate federal banking agency may require the institution to implement an acceptable compliance plan. Failure to implement such a plan can result in further enforcement action, including the issuance of a cease and desist order or the imposition of civil money penalties.
Prompt Corrective Action Regulations. Under prompt corrective action regulations, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is authorized and, under certain circumstances, required to take supervisory actions against undercapitalized savings banks. For this purpose, a savings bank is placed in one of the following five categories based on the savings bank’s capital:
| • | well-capitalized (at least 5% leverage capital, 6% Tier 1 risk-based capital and 10% total risk-based capital); |
| • | adequately capitalized (at least 4% leverage capital (3% for savings banks with a composite examination rating of 1), 4% Tier 1 risk-based capital and 8% total risk-based capital); |
| • | undercapitalized (less than 4% leverage capital (3% for savings banks with a composite examination rating of 1), 4% Tier 1 risk-based capital or 8% total risk-based capital); |
| • | significantly undercapitalized (less than 3% leverage capital, 3% Tier 1 risk-based capital or 6% total risk-based capital); and |
| • | critically undercapitalized (less than 2% tangible capital). |
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Generally, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is required to appoint a receiver or conservator for a savings bank that is “critically undercapitalized” within specific time frames. The regulations also provide that a capital restoration plan must be filed with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency within 45 days of the date a savings bank receives notice that it is “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized.” Any holding company for the savings bank required to submit a capital restoration plan must guarantee the lesser of an amount equal to 5% of the savings bank’s assets at the time it was notified or deemed to be undercapitalized by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or the amount necessary to restore the savings bank to adequately capitalized status. This guarantee remains in place until the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency notifies the savings bank that it has maintained adequately capitalized status for each of four consecutive calendar quarters, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency has the authority to require payment and collect payment under the guarantee. Failure by a holding company to provide the required guarantee will result in certain operating restrictions on the savings bank, such as restrictions on the ability to declare and pay dividends, pay executive compensation and management fees, and increase assets or expand operations. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency may also take any one of a number of discretionary supervisory actions against undercapitalized associations, including the issuance of a capital directive and the replacement of senior executive officers and directors.
At December 31, 2011, Territorial Savings Bank met the criteria for being considered “well-capitalized.”
Insurance of Deposit Accounts. Territorial Savings Bank’s deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s risk-based assessment system, insured institutions are assigned to one of four risk categories based on supervisory evaluations, regulatory capital levels and certain other factors, with less risky institutions paying lower assessments. An institution’s assessment rate depends upon the category to which it is assigned, and certain adjustments specified by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation regulations. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation may adjust the scale uniformly, except that no adjustment can deviate more than two basis points from the base scale without notice and comment. No institution may pay a dividend if in default of the federal deposit insurance assessment.
Assessment rates previously ranged from seven to 77.5 basis points of assessable deposits. The Dodd-Frank Act required the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to revise its procedures to base its assessments upon total assets less tangible equity instead of deposits. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation finalized a rule, effective April 1, 2011, that changed the assessment range to 2.5 to 45 basis points of total assets less tangible equity.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation imposed on all insured institutions a special emergency assessment of five basis points of total assets minus Tier 1 capital (as of June 30, 2009), capped at ten basis points of an institution’s deposit assessment base, in order to cover losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund. We accrued $689,000 for the special assessment in the quarter ended June 30, 2009. The special assessment was paid on September 30, 2009. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation provided for similar assessments during the final two quarters of 2009, if deemed necessary.
In lieu of further special assessments, however, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation required insured institutions to prepay estimated quarterly risk-based assessments for the fourth quarter of 2009 through the fourth quarter of 2012. The estimated assessments, which included an assumed annual
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assessment base increase of 5%, were recorded as a prepaid expense asset as of December 30, 2009. On December 30, 2009, we prepaid $4.3 million in estimated assessments for the fourth quarter of 2009 through 2012. As of December 31, 2009, and each quarter thereafter, a charge to earnings is recorded for each regular assessment with an offsetting credit to the prepaid asset.
Due to the recent difficult economic conditions, deposit insurance per account owner has been permanently raised to $250,000.
In addition to the assessment for deposit insurance, institutions are required to make payments on bonds issued in the late 1980s by the Financing Corporation to recapitalize a predecessor deposit insurance fund. That payment is established quarterly and during the quarter ended December 31, 2011, equaled 0.68 basis points of total assets less tangible capital.
The Dodd-Frank Act increased the minimum target Deposit Insurance Fund ratio from 1.15% of estimated insured deposits to 1.35% of estimated insured deposits. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation must seek to achieve the 1.35% ratio by September 30, 2020. Insured institutions with assets of $10 billion or more are supposed to fund the increase. The Dodd-Frank Act eliminated the 1.5% maximum fund ratio, instead leaving it to the discretion of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has recently exercised that discretion by establishing a long range fund ratio of 2%.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has authority to increase insurance assessments. A significant increase in insurance premiums would likely have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Bank. Management cannot predict what insurance assessment rates will be in the future.
Prohibitions Against Tying Arrangements. Federal savings banks are prohibited, subject to some exceptions, from extending credit to or offering any other service, or fixing or varying the consideration for such extension of credit or service, on the condition that the customer obtain some additional service from the institution or its affiliates or not obtain services of a competitor of the institution.
Federal Home Loan Bank System. Territorial Savings Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, which consists of twelve regional Federal Home Loan Banks. The Federal Home Loan Bank System provides a central credit facility primarily for member institutions as well as other entities involved in home mortgage lending. As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle, Territorial Savings Bank is required to acquire and hold shares of capital stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank. As of December 31, 2011, Territorial Savings Bank held $12.3 million of capital stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle and was in compliance with this requirement.
Other Regulations
Interest and other charges collected or contracted for by Territorial Savings Bank are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates. Territorial Savings Bank’s operations are also subject to federal laws applicable to credit transactions, such as the:
| • | Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers; |
| • | Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, requiring that borrowers for mortgage loans for one- to four-family residential real estate receive various disclosures, including good faith |
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| estimates of settlement costs, lender servicing and escrow account practices, and prohibiting certain practices that increase the cost of settlement services; |
| • | Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves; |
| • | Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit; |
| • | Fair Credit Reporting Act, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies; |
| • | fair lending laws; |
| • | Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices (“UDAP”) laws and regulations; |
| • | Fair Debt Collection Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies; |
| • | Truth in Savings Act; and |
| • | rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such federal laws. |
The operations of Territorial Savings Bank also are subject to the:
| • | Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records; |
| • | Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E promulgated thereunder, which govern automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services; |
| • | Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (also known as “Check 21”), which gives “substitute checks,” such as digital check images and copies made from that image, the same legal standing as the original paper check; |
| • | The USA PATRIOT Act, which requires savings banks to, among other things, establish broadened anti-money laundering compliance programs, due diligence policies and controls to ensure the detection and reporting of money laundering. Such required compliance programs are intended to supplement existing compliance requirements, also applicable to financial institutions, under the Bank Secrecy Act and the Office of Foreign Assets Control regulations; and |
| • | The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which places limitations on the sharing of consumer financial information by financial institutions with unaffiliated third parties. Specifically, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act requires all financial institutions offering financial products or services to retail customers to provide such customers with the financial institution’s privacy policy and provide such customers the opportunity to “opt out” of the sharing of certain personal financial information with unaffiliated third parties. |
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Holding Company Regulation
General. Territorial Bancorp Inc. is a nondiversified savings and loan holding company within the meaning of the Home Owners’ Loan Act. As such, Territorial Bancorp Inc. is registered with the Federal Reserve Board and subject to Federal Reserve Board regulations, examinations, supervision and reporting requirements. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board has enforcement authority over Territorial Bancorp Inc. and its subsidiaries. Among other things, this authority permits the Federal Reserve Board to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a serious risk to the subsidiary savings institution. The Dodd-Frank Act regulatory restructuring transferred the responsibility for regulating and supervising savings and loan holding companies from the Office of Thrift Supervision to the Federal Reserve Board, effective July 21, 2011.
Permissible Activities. The business activities of Territorial Bancorp Inc. are generally limited to those activities permissible for financial holding companies under Section 4(k) of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, or for multiple savings and loan holding companies. A financial holding company may engage in activities that are financial in nature, including underwriting equity securities and insurance as well as activities that are incidental to financial activities or complementary to a financial activity. The Dodd-Frank Act added that any savings and loan holding company that engages in activities permissible for a financial holding company must meet the qualitative requirements for a bank holding company to be a financial holding company and conduct the activities in accordance with the requirements that would apply to a financial holding company’s conduct of the activity. A multiple savings and loan holding company is generally limited to activities permissible for bank holding companies under Section 4(c)(8) of the Bank Holding Company Act, subject to the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board, and certain additional activities authorized by Federal Reserve Board regulations.
Federal law prohibits a savings and loan holding company, including Territorial Bancorp Inc., directly or indirectly, or through one or more subsidiaries, from acquiring more than 5% of another savings institution or holding company thereof, without prior written approval of the Federal Reserve Board. It also prohibits the acquisition or retention of, with certain exceptions, more than 5% of a nonsubsidiary company engaged in activities that are not closely related to banking or financial in nature, or acquiring or retaining control of an institution that is not federally insured. In evaluating applications by holding companies to acquire savings institutions, the Federal Reserve Board must consider the financial and managerial resources, future prospects of the company and institution involved, the effect of the acquisition on the risk to the federal deposit insurance fund, the convenience and needs of the community and competitive factors.
The Federal Reserve Board is prohibited from approving any acquisition that would result in a multiple savings and loan holding company controlling savings institutions in more than one state, subject to two exceptions:
| (i) | the approval of interstate supervisory acquisitions by savings and loan holding companies; and |
| (ii) | the acquisition of a savings institution in another state if the laws of the state of the target savings institution specifically permit such acquisition. |
The states vary in the extent to which they permit interstate savings and loan holding company acquisitions.
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Capital. Savings and loan holding companies are not currently subject to specific regulatory capital requirements. The Dodd-Frank Act, however, requires the Federal Reserve Board to promulgate consolidated capital requirements for depository institution holding companies that are no less stringent, both quantitatively and in terms of components of capital, than those applicable to institutions themselves. Instruments such as cumulative preferred stock and trust preferred securities will no longer be includable as Tier 1 capital, as is currently the case with bank holding companies.
Source of Strength. The Dodd-Frank Act also extends the “source of strength” doctrine to savings and loan holding companies. The regulatory agencies must issue regulations requiring that all bank and savings and loan holding companies serve as a source of strength to their subsidiary depository institutions by providing capital, liquidity and other support in times of financial stress.
Dividends and Stock Repurchases. The Federal Reserve Board has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends and the repurchase of shares of common stock by bank holding companies that it has made applicable to savings and loan holding companies as well. In general, the policy provides that dividends should be paid only out of current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the holding company appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. Regulatory guidance provides for prior regulatory review of capital distributions in certain circumstances, such as where the company’s net income for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid over that period, is insufficient to fully fund the dividend. The guidance also provides for prior regulatory review where the company’s overall rate of earnings retention is inconsistent with the company’s capital needs and overall financial condition. The ability of a holding company to pay dividends may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized. The policy statement also provides for regulatory review prior to a holding company redeeming or repurchasing regulatory capital instruments when the holding company is experiencing financial weaknesses or redeeming or repurchasing common stock or perpetual preferred stock that would result in a net reduction in the amount of such equity instruments outstanding as of the end of a quarter compared with the beginning of the quarter in which the redemption or repurchase occurred. These regulatory policies could affect the ability of Territorial Bancorp Inc. to pay dividends, repurchase shares of common stock or otherwise engage in capital distributions.
Change in Control Regulations
Under the Change in Bank Control Act, no person may acquire control of a savings and loan holding company such as the Company unless the Federal Reserve Board has been given 60 days’ prior written notice and has not issued a notice disapproving the proposed acquisition, taking into consideration certain factors, including the financial and managerial resources of the acquirer and the competitive effects of the acquisition. Control, as defined under federal law, means ownership, control of or holding irrevocable proxies representing more than 25% of any class of voting stock, control in any manner of the election of a majority of the company’s directors, or a determination by the regulator that the acquiror has the power to direct, or directly or indirectly to exercise a controlling influence over, the management or policies of the institution. Acquisition of more than 10% of any class of a savings and loan holding company’s voting stock constitutes a rebuttable presumption of control under the regulations under certain circumstances including where, as is the case with Territorial Bancorp Inc., the issuer has registered securities under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Federal Securities Laws
Territorial Bancorp Inc.’s common stock is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Territorial Bancorp Inc. is subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions and other requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
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Territorial Bancorp Inc. common stock held by persons who are affiliates (generally officers, directors and principal shareholders) of Territorial Bancorp Inc. may not be resold without registration unless sold in accordance with certain resale restrictions. If Territorial Bancorp Inc. meets specified current public information requirements, each affiliate of Territorial Bancorp Inc. is able to sell in the public market, without registration, a limited number of shares in any three-month period.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 addresses, among other issues, corporate governance, auditing and accounting, executive compensation, and enhanced and timely disclosure of corporate information. We have prepared policies, procedures and systems designed to ensure compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related regulations.
| ITEM 1A. | Risk Factors |
Historically low interest rates may adversely affect our net interest income and profitability.
During the past three years it has been the policy of the Federal Reserve Board to maintain interest rates at historically low levels through its targeted federal funds rate and the purchase of mortgage-backed securities. As a result, market rates on the loans we have originated and the yields on securities we have purchased have been at lower levels than available prior to 2008. As a general matter, our interest-bearing liabilities reprice or mature more quickly than our interest-earning assets, which has been one factor contributing to the increase in our interest rate spread as interest rates decreased. However, our ability to lower our interest expense will be limited since our cost of funds at December 31, 2011 is relatively low while the average yield on our interest-earning assets may continue to decrease. The Federal Reserve Board has recently indicated its intention to maintain low interest rates until at least late 2014. Accordingly, our net interest income may be adversely affected and may even decrease, which may have an adverse effect on our profitability.
Future changes in interest rates could reduce our profits.
Our ability to make a profit largely depends on our net interest income, which could be negatively affected by changes in interest rates. Net interest income is the difference between:
| • | the interest income we earn on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities; and |
| • | the interest expense we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. |
As a result of our focus on one- to four-family residential real estate loans and the low demand for adjustable-rate loans in our market area, the interest rates we earn on our loans are generally fixed for long periods of time. Additionally, many of our securities investments are of long maturities with fixed interest rates. Like many savings institutions, our focus on deposit accounts as a source of funds, which have no stated maturity date or shorter contractual maturities than loans, results in our liabilities having a shorter duration than our assets. For example, as of December 31, 2011, 90.2% of our loans had maturities of 15 years or longer, while 82.2% of our certificates of deposits had maturities of one year or less. This imbalance can create significant earnings volatility, because market interest rates change over
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time. In a period of rising interest rates, the interest income earned on our assets, such as loans and investments, may not increase as rapidly as the interest paid on our liabilities, such as deposits. In a period of declining interest rates, the interest income earned on our assets may decrease more rapidly than the interest paid on our liabilities, as borrowers prepay mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities, thereby requiring us to reinvest these cash flows at lower interest rates. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Management of Market Risk.”
In addition, changes in interest rates can affect the average life of loans and mortgage-backed and related securities. A reduction in interest rates results in increased prepayments of loans and mortgage-backed and related securities, as borrowers refinance their debt in order to reduce their borrowing costs. This creates reinvestment risk, which is the risk that we may not be able to reinvest prepayments at rates that are comparable to the rates we earned on the prepaid loans or securities. Additionally, increases in interest rates may decrease loan demand and/or make it more difficult for borrowers to repay adjustable-rate loans.
Changes in interest rates also affect the current fair value of our interest-earning securities portfolio. Generally, the value of securities moves inversely with changes in interest rates. At December 31, 2011, the fair value of our investment in held-to-maturity securities totaled $687.3 million. Net unrealized gains on these securities totaled $33.7 million at December 31, 2011.
At December 31, 2011, our “rate shock” analysis indicated that our net portfolio value (the difference between the present value of our assets and the present value of our liabilities) would decrease by $21.4 million if there was an instantaneous 200 basis point increase in market interest rates. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Management of Market Risk.”
Our lending activities provide lower interest rates than financial institutions that originate more commercial loans.
Our principal lending activity consists of originating one- to four-family residential real estate mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2011, these loans totaled $654.4 million, or 93.9% of total loans as of that date. We originate our loans with a focus on limiting credit risk and not to generate the highest return or create the greatest difference between our cost of funds and the yield on our interest-earning assets (interest rate spread).
Residential real estate mortgage loans generally have lower interest rates than commercial business loans, commercial real estate loans and consumer loans. As a result, we may generate lower interest rate spreads and rates of return when compared to our competitors who originate more consumer or commercial loans than we do. We intend to continue our focus on residential real estate lending.
We could record future losses on our holdings of trust preferred securities that we purchased from issuer pools consisting primarily of financial institution holding companies. In addition, we may not receive full future interest payments on these securities.
We owned shares of trust preferred securities with an adjusted cost basis of $32,000, and a fair value of $259,000 at December 31, 2011. The trust preferred securities are debt obligations issued by two issuer pools (Preferred Term Securities XXIII, Ltd. co-marketed by Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc. and FTN Financial Capital Markets (“PreTSL XXIII”) and Preferred Term Securities XXIV, Ltd. co-marketed by Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc. and FTN Financial Capital Markets (“PreTSL XXIV”)), consisting primarily of holding companies for Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-insured financial institutions.
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Each of these securities is a Class D security, and was originated with a credit rating of BBB. As of December 31, 2011, both PreTSL XXIII and PreTSL XXIV were rated C by Fitch. We recognized a pre-tax loss for other-than-temporary impairment of $2.5 million on PreTSL XXIV for the year ended December 31, 2008. In addition, effective January 1, 2009, the cumulative effect of our adoption of revisions to the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) resulted in the reclassification of $1.5 million of securities impairment from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive loss. In subsequent quarters, we determined that PreTSL XXIV was other-than-temporarily impaired and recorded an additional impairment charge of $1.0 million in 2009, of which $3.5 million was a credit loss recorded through our income statement as a charge to non-interest income, and $2.5 million was recorded as a decrease to other comprehensive loss. The $3.5 million impairment charge for 2009 includes the $2.5 million that was previously reflected as a charge against income in the last quarter of 2008. Due to revisions in accounting pronouncements, we were required to once again charge income in the amount of $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 for the same security. PreTSL XXIV has a book value of $0.
Our investment in PreTSL XXIII was determined to be other-than temporarily impaired as the present value of cash flows was lower than the amortized cost basis of the security. We recorded an impairment charge of $2.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. When the impairment charge of $2.4 million on PreTSL XXIII was recorded, the security was written down to its fair value of $32,000. The $1.1 million difference between the original outstanding principal balance of $3.5 million and the impairment charge of $2.4 million was reported as other comprehensive loss and is related to noncredit factors such as an inactive trust preferred securities market.
It is reasonably possible that the fair value of PreTSL XXIII could decline in the near term if the overall economy and the financial condition of some of the issuers continue to deteriorate and the liquidity of these securities remains low. As a result, there is a risk that the Company’s remaining amortized cost basis of $1.1 million in PreTSL XXIII could be credit-related other-than-temporarily impaired in the near term. The impairment could be material to the Company’s consolidated statement of income.
A number of factors or combinations of factors could cause us to conclude in one or more future reporting periods that an unrealized loss that exists with respect to PreTSL XXIII constitutes an impairment that is other than temporary, which could result in material losses to us. These factors include, but are not limited to, continued failure to make scheduled interest payments, an increase in the severity of the unrealized loss on a particular security, an increase in the continuous duration of the unrealized loss without an improvement in value or changes in market conditions and/or industry or issuer specific factors that would render us unable to forecast a full recovery in value. In addition, the fair value of PreTSL XXIII could decline if the overall economy and the financial condition of some of the issuers continue to deteriorate and there remains limited liquidity for these securities.
For the year ended December 31, 2011, we received no interest payments on the trust preferred securities. The continued failure of the trust preferred issuers to make interest payments for any quarter will reduce our earnings during that quarter.
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The following table sets forth information with respect to these securities as of December 31, 2011:
| Pool Deal Name |
Book Value | Fair Value | Unrealized Gain |
Credit Rating |
Number of Financial Institutions in Pool |
Deferrals and Defaults as a % of Collateral |
Excess Subordination (1) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in Thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PreTSL XXIII |
$ | 32 | $ | 259 | $ | 227 | C | 109 | 26.8 | % | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
| PreTSL XXIV |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | C | 79 | 35.8 | % | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
| (1) | Estimated present value of future cash flows in excess of amortized cost basis, assuming that 50% of the security collateral is called in the 10th year following issuance. |
We have been negatively affected by current market and economic conditions. A continuation or worsening of these conditions could adversely affect our operations, financial condition and earnings.
Recent economic conditions have resulted in continued uncertainty in the financial markets and continued expectations of weak general economic conditions. The resulting economic pressure on consumers and businesses has adversely affected our business, financial condition and results of operations. The credit quality of loan and investment securities portfolios has deteriorated at many financial institutions and the values of real estate collateral supporting many commercial loans and home mortgages have declined and may continue to decline. Financial companies’ stock prices have been negatively affected, as has the ability of banks and bank holding companies to raise capital or borrow in the debt markets. A continuation or worsening of these conditions could result in reduced loan demand and further increases in loan delinquencies, loan losses, loan loss provisions, costs associated with monitoring delinquent loans and disposing of foreclosed property, and otherwise negatively affect our operations, financial condition and earnings. Further, a decline in the stock market in general, or for stock of financial institutions and their holding companies, could affect our stock performance.
The Standard & Poor’s downgrade in the U.S. government’s sovereign credit rating, and in the credit ratings of instruments issued, insured or guaranteed by certain related institutions, agencies and instrumentalities, could result in risks to us and general economic conditions that we are not able to predict.
On August 5, 2011, Standard & Poor’s downgraded the United States long-term debt rating from its AAA rating to AA+. On August 8, 2011, Standard & Poor’s downgraded the credit ratings of certain long-term debt instruments issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and other U.S. government agencies linked to long-term U.S. debt. Instruments of this nature are key assets on the balance sheets of financial institutions, including the Bank. These downgrades could adversely affect the market value of such instruments, and could adversely impact our ability to obtain funding that is collateralized by affected instruments, as well as affecting the pricing of that funding when it is available. We cannot predict if, when or how these changes to the credit ratings will affect economic conditions. These ratings downgrades could result in a significant adverse impact to us, and could exacerbate the other risks to which we are subject, including those described above.
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Changes in laws and regulations and the cost of regulatory compliance with new laws and regulations may adversely affect our operations and our income.
In response to the developments described above, Congress has taken actions that are intended to strengthen confidence and encourage liquidity in financial institutions, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has taken actions to increase insurance coverage on deposit accounts. In addition, there have been proposals made by members of Congress and others that would reduce the amount distressed borrowers are otherwise contractually obligated to pay under their mortgage loans and limit an institution’s ability to foreclose on mortgage collateral.
The potential exists for additional federal or state laws and regulations, or changes in policy, regarding lending and funding practices and liquidity standards, and bank regulatory agencies are expected to be active in responding to concerns and trends identified in examinations, including the expected issuance of many formal enforcement orders. Bank regulatory agencies, such as the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, govern the activities in which we may engage, primarily for the protection of depositors, and not for the protection or benefit of potential investors. In addition, new laws, regulations, and other regulatory changes may increase our costs of regulatory compliance and of doing business, and otherwise affect our operations. New laws, regulations and other regulatory changes may significantly affect the markets in which we do business, the markets for and value of our loans and investments, and our ongoing operations, costs and profitability. Federal and state proposals limiting our rights as a creditor could result in credit losses or increased expense in pursuing our remedies as a creditor.
The Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle has entered into a consent order with the Federal Housing Finance Agency. If our investment in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle is classified as other-than-temporarily impaired or as permanently impaired, our earnings and stockholders’ equity could decrease.
We own common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle. We hold this stock to qualify for membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank System and to be eligible to borrow funds under the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle’s advance program. The aggregate cost and fair value of our Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle common stock as of December 31, 2011 was $12.3 million based on its par value. There is no market for our Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle common stock.
On October 25, 2010, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle entered into a consent order with the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”), which requires the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle to take certain specified actions related to its business and operations. Following the filing of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle’s second quarter 2011 quarterly report on Form 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and once the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle reaches and maintains certain thresholds, the bank may begin repurchasing member capital stock at par. Further, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle may again be in position to redeem certain capital stock from members and begin paying dividends once the bank:
| • | achieves and maintains certain other financial and operational metrics; |
| • | remediates certain concerns regarding its oversight and management, asset improvement program, capital adequacy and retained earnings, risk management, compensation practices, examination findings, and information technology; and |
| • | returns to a “safe and sound” condition as determined by the FHFA. |
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Any stock repurchases and redemptions and dividend payments will be subject to FHFA approval.
There continues to be a risk that the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle may not be permitted to redeem certain capital stock from members and begin paying dividends in the future, and that our investment in Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle common stock could be impaired at some time in the future. If this occurs, it would cause our earnings and stockholders’ equity to decrease by the after-tax amount of the impairment charge.
Non-residential real estate loans and commercial business loans increase our exposure to credit risks.
At December 31, 2011, our portfolio of commercial real estate, construction and other non-residential real estate loans totaled $12.7 million, or 1.8% of total loans. In addition, at December 31, 2011, our portfolio of commercial business loans totaled $3.9 million, or 0.6% of total loans. These loans generally expose us to a greater risk of nonpayment and loss than residential real estate loans because repayment of such loans often depends on the successful operations and income stream of the borrowers. Additionally, such loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers compared to residential real estate loans.
We target our business lending and marketing strategy towards small- to medium-sized businesses. These small to medium-sized businesses generally have fewer financial resources in terms of capital or borrowing capacity than larger entities. If general economic conditions adversely affect these businesses, our results of operations and financial condition may be negatively impacted. In addition, some of our commercial business loans are collateralized by a security interest in furniture, fixtures and equipment and the liquidation of collateral in the event of default is often an insufficient source of repayment because the collateral may have limited use or value.
Strong competition within our market areas may limit our growth and profitability.
Competition in the banking and financial services industry is intense. In our market areas, we compete with commercial banks, savings institutions, mortgage brokerage firms, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, and brokerage and investment banking firms operating locally. Some of our competitors have greater name recognition and market presence that benefit them in attracting business, and offer certain services that we do not or cannot provide. In addition, larger competitors may be able to price loans and deposits more aggressively than we do, which could affect our ability to grow and remain profitable on a long-term basis. Our profitability depends upon our continued ability to successfully compete in our market areas. If we must raise interest rates paid on deposits or lower interest rates charged on our loans, our net interest margin and profitability could be adversely affected. For additional information see “Item 1. Business—Competition.”
If our allowance for loan losses is not sufficient to cover actual loan losses, our earnings will decrease.
We make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of many of our loans. In determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses, we review our loans and our loss and delinquency experience, and we evaluate economic conditions. If our assumptions are incorrect, our allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover probable incurred losses in our loan portfolio, resulting in additions to our allowance. While our allowance for loan losses was 0.2% of total loans at December 31, 2011, material additions to our allowance could materially decrease our net income.
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In addition, bank regulators periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require us to increase our provision for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs. Any increase in our allowance for loan losses or loan charge-offs as required by these regulatory authorities might have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our employee stock ownership plan may continue to increase our costs, which would reduce our income.
Our employee stock ownership plan purchased 8% of the total shares of common stock sold in our stock offering using funds borrowed from Territorial Bancorp Inc. We record annual employee stock ownership plan expense in an amount equal to the fair value of the shares of common stock released to employees over the term of the loan. If the value of the shares of common stock continues to appreciate up to the time shares are released, compensation expense relating to the employee stock ownership plan will increase and our net income will decline.
Our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan will increase our expenses and reduce our income, and may dilute your ownership interests.
In August 2010, our stockholders approved the Territorial Bancorp Inc. 2010 Equity Incentive Plan. Stockholders approved the issuance of 736,434 shares of common stock pursuant to restricted stock and the issuance of 976,203 shares of common stock pursuant to stock options. During 2011, we recognized $3.5 million in non-interest expense relating to this stock benefit plan that includes $696,000 of expenses, which the Company recognized when a director passed away. Except for the expenses related to the director who passed away, we expect to incur similar expenses in the future. The actual amount of future expenses may be greater on an annual basis.
We may fund the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan either through open market purchases or from the issuance of authorized but unissued shares of common stock. Our ability to repurchase shares of common stock to fund this plan will be subject to many factors, including, but not limited to, applicable regulatory restrictions on stock repurchases, the availability of stock in the market, the trading price of the stock, our capital levels, alternative uses for our capital and our financial performance. Our intention is to fund the plan through open market purchases and we have repurchased 1,336,975 shares as of December 31, 2011. However, stockholders would experience a reduction in ownership interest in the event newly issued shares of our common stock are used to fund stock options and shares of restricted common stock beyond the shares we have already repurchased.
Concentration of loans in our primary market area, which has recently experienced an economic downturn, may increase risk.
Our success depends primarily on the general economic conditions in the State of Hawaii, as nearly all of our loans are to customers in the state. Accordingly, the local economic conditions in the State of Hawaii have a significant impact on the ability of borrowers to repay loans as well as our ability to originate new loans. As such, a decline in real estate valuations in this market would lower the value of the collateral securing those loans. In addition, significant weakening in general economic conditions such as inflation, recession, unemployment or other factors beyond our control could negatively affect our financial results.
The number of existing single-family homes and condominium units sold in 2011 have increased compared to 2010 but real estate prices on some islands have declined. Home prices have not declined as severely as those reported on the mainland.
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On the island of Oahu, the primary real estate market in Hawaii, sales of existing single-family homes totaled 2,974 units for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of 2.7% compared to sales in 2010. The number of condominium sales, a notable portion of the overall housing market, grew by 1.3% in 2011 compared to 2010. The median price paid on Oahu for a single-family home in 2011 was $575,000, a decrease of 3.0% compared to the median price in 2010. The median price paid on Oahu for condominiums in 2011 was $300,000, a decrease of 1.6% compared to the median price in 2010.
On the island of Maui, the second largest real estate market in Hawaii, sales of existing single-family homes totaled 898 units in 2011, an increase of 9.9% compared to similar sales during 2010. The number of condominium sales increased by 1.0% in 2011 compared to 2010. The median price paid for a single-family home on Maui in 2011 was $433,500, a decrease of 5.8% compared to the median price in 2010. The median price paid on Maui for condominiums in 2011 was $310,000, a 17.9% decrease compared to the median price in 2010.
Foreclosure and bankruptcy filings fell in 2011 compared to 2010. There were 6,012 mortgage foreclosure cases in Hawaii in 2011, a 51.6% decrease from 2010. The decrease in foreclosure filings is attributed to a new Hawaii law that was intended to protect homeowners’ rights by requiring mediation in nonjudicial foreclosure cases. In 2011, there were 3,325 bankruptcy filings, a decrease of 15.9% compared to the number of filings in 2010.
Our local economy relies heavily on the tourism industry. Downturns in this industry could affect our operations and results.
Tourism is one of the two largest components of Hawaii’s economy. The Hawaii Tourism Authority reported visitor arrivals and visitor spending grew by 3.8% and 15.6%, respectively, in 2011 compared to 2010. A downturn in the tourism industry, and the related loss of jobs or operating income for businesses, could have a significant impact on our ability to originate loans, and the ability of borrowers to repay loans, either of which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to extensive regulatory oversight.
We and our subsidiaries are subject to extensive regulation and supervision. Regulators have intensified their focus on bank lending criteria and controls, and on the USA PATRIOT Act’s anti-money laundering and Bank Secrecy Act compliance requirements. There also is increased scrutiny of our compliance practices generally and particularly with the rules enforced by the Office of Foreign Assets Control. Our failure to comply with these and other regulatory requirements could lead to, among other remedies, administrative enforcement actions and legal proceedings. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act and implementing regulations are likely to have a significant effect on the financial services industry, which are likely to increase operating costs and reduce profitability. Regulatory or legislative changes could make regulatory compliance more difficult or expensive for us, and could cause us to change or limit some of our products and services, or the way we operate our business.
Severe weather, natural disasters and other external events could significantly affect our operations and results.
Because all of our offices are located in the State of Hawaii, severe weather or natural disasters, such as tsunamis, hurricanes and earthquakes and other adverse external events, could have a significant effect on our ability to conduct business. Such events could affect the stability of our deposit base, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue and/or cause us to incur additional
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expenses. Natural disasters, like the tsunami that occurred in Japan in 2011, could have an impact on the visitor industry in Hawaii. Accordingly, the occurrence of any such severe weather or natural disaster event could have a material adverse effect on our business, which, in turn, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Financial reform legislation has, among other things, eliminated the Office of Thrift Supervision, tightened capital standards and created a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and will result in new laws and regulations that are expected to increase our costs of operations.
In 2010, Congress enacted the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). The Dodd-Frank Act requires various federal agencies to adopt a broad range of new implementing rules and regulations, and to prepare numerous studies and reports for Congress. The federal agencies are given significant discretion in drafting the implementing rules and regulations, and consequently, many of the details and much of the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act may not be known for many months or years.
As a result of the Dodd-Frank Act, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency became the primary federal regulator for federal thrifts (replacing the Office of Thrift Supervision), and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System now supervises and regulates all savings and loan holding companies that were formerly regulated by the Office of Thrift Supervision, including Territorial Bancorp Inc.
Effective July 21, 2011, a provision of the Dodd-Frank Act eliminates the federal prohibitions on paying interest on demand deposits, thus allowing businesses to have interest-earning checking accounts. Depending on competitive responses, this significant change to existing law could have an adverse effect on our interest expense.
The Dodd-Frank Act also broadened the base for Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance assessments. Assessments are now based on the average consolidated total assets less tangible equity capital of a financial institution. The Dodd-Frank Act also permanently increased the maximum amount of deposit insurance for banks, savings institutions and credit unions to $250,000 per depositor and non-interest bearing transaction accounts have unlimited deposit insurance through December 31, 2013.
The Dodd-Frank Act requires publicly-traded companies to give stockholders a nonbinding vote on executive compensation and so-called “golden parachute” payments. The legislation also directs the Federal Reserve Board to promulgate rules prohibiting excessive compensation paid to bank holding company executives, regardless of whether the company is publicly traded or not.
The Dodd-Frank Act created a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau with broad powers to supervise and enforce consumer protection laws. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has broad rule-making authority for a wide range of consumer protection laws that apply to all banks and savings institutions, including the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive or abusive” acts and practices. Banks and savings institutions with $10 billion or less in assets, like Territorial Savings Bank, will be examined by their applicable bank regulators. The Dodd-Frank Act also weakens the federal preemption rules that have been applicable for national banks and federal savings associations, and gives state attorneys general the ability to enforce federal consumer protection laws.
It is difficult to predict at this time what specific impact the Dodd-Frank Act and the yet to be written implementing rules and regulations will have on community banks. However, it is expected that at a minimum they will increase our operating and compliance costs and could increase our interest expense.
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Our ability to originate mortgage loans may be adversely affected by the restructuring of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.
Both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are under conservatorship with the Federal Housing Finance Agency, an agency of the U.S. government. On February 11, 2011, the Obama administration presented the U.S. Congress with a report of its proposals for reforming America’s housing finance market with the goal of scaling back the role of the U.S. government in, and promoting the return of private capital to, the mortgage markets and ultimately winding down Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Without mentioning a specific time frame, the report calls for the reduction of the role of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the mortgage markets by, among other things, reducing conforming loan limits, increasing guarantee fees and requiring larger down payments by borrowers. The report presents three options for the long-term structure of housing finance, all of which call for the unwinding of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and a reduced role of the government in the mortgage market: (i) a system with U.S. government insurance limited to a narrowly targeted group of lower- and moderate-income borrowers; (ii) a system similar to (i) above except with an expanded guarantee during times of crisis; and (iii) a system where the U.S. government offers reinsurance for the securities of a broad range of mortgages behind significant private capital. We cannot be certain if or when Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will be wound down, if or when reform of the housing finance market will be implemented or what the future role of the U.S. government will be in the mortgage market, and, accordingly, we will not be able to determine the impact that any such reform may have on us until a definitive reform plan is adopted.
Government responses to economic conditions may adversely affect our operations, financial condition and earnings.
Newly enacted financial reform legislation will change the bank regulatory framework, create an independent consumer protection bureau that will assume the consumer protection responsibilities of the various federal banking agencies, and establish more stringent capital standards for banks and bank holding companies. The legislation will also result in new regulations affecting the lending, funding, trading and investment activities of banks and bank holding companies. Bank regulatory agencies also have been responding aggressively to concerns and adverse trends identified in examinations. Ongoing uncertainty and adverse developments in the financial services industry and the domestic and international credit markets, and the effect of new legislation and regulatory actions in response to these conditions, may adversely affect our operations by restricting our business activities, including our ability to originate or sell loans, modify loan terms, or foreclose on property securing loans. These measures are likely to increase our costs of doing business and may have a significant adverse effect on our lending activities, financial performance and operating flexibility. In addition, these risks could affect the performance and value of our loan and investment securities portfolios, which also would negatively affect our financial performance.
Furthermore, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, in an attempt to help the overall economy, has, among other things, kept interest rates low through its targeted federal funds rate and the purchase of mortgage-backed securities. If the Federal Reserve Board increases the federal funds rate, overall interest rates will likely rise, which may negatively impact the housing markets and the U.S. economic recovery. In addition, deflationary pressures, while possibly lowering our operating costs, could have a significant negative effect on our borrowers, especially our business borrowers, and the values of underlying collateral securing loans, which could negatively affect our financial performance.
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System failure or breaches of our network security could subject us to increased operating costs as well as litigation and other liabilities.
The computer systems and network infrastructure we use could be vulnerable to unforeseen problems. Our operations are dependent upon our ability to protect our computer equipment against damage from physical theft, fire, power loss, telecommunications failure or a similar catastrophic event, as well as from security breaches, denial of service attacks, viruses, worms and other disruptive problems caused by hackers. Any damage or failure that causes an interruption in our operations could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Computer break-ins, phishing and other disruptions could also jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through our computer systems and network infrastructure, which may result in significant liability to us and may cause existing and potential customers to refrain from doing business with us. Although we, with the help of third-party service providers, intend to continue to implement security technology and establish operational procedures to prevent such damage, these security measures may not be successful. In addition, advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments could result in a compromise or breach of the algorithms we and our third-party service providers use to encrypt and protect customer transaction data. A failure of such security measures could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We mitigate this risk through guidance promulgated for all financial institutions by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council and the regulations issued under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. This guidance also requires our core data processor to meet these standards. We regularly self-audit or review exams from auditors as well as federal banking regulators to assure that these standards are being met, internally as well by our important data processing vendors. We also implemented firewall and other internal controls to protect our systems from compromise.
Nevertheless, our system could be compromised and it is possible that significant amounts of time and money may be spent to rectify the harm caused by a breach or hack. While we have general liability insurance and cyber liability insurance, we know there are limitations on coverage as well as dollar amount. Furthermore, cyber incidents carry a greater risk of injury to our reputation. Finally, depending on the type of incident, banking regulators can impose restrictions on our business and consumer laws may require reimbursement of customer loss.
Our stock value may be negatively affected by federal regulations that restrict takeovers.
For three years following our stock offering, federal banking regulations prohibit any person from acquiring or offering to acquire more than 10% of our common stock without the prior written approval of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.
The corporate governance provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws, and the corporate governance provisions under Maryland law, may prevent or impede the holders of our common stock from obtaining representation on our Board of Directors and may impede takeovers of the company that our board might conclude are not in the best interest of Territorial Bancorp Inc. or its stockholders.
Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws may prevent or impede holders of our common stock from obtaining representation on our Board of Directors and may make takeovers of Territorial Bancorp Inc. more difficult. For example, our Board of Directors is divided into three staggered classes. A classified board makes it more difficult for stockholders to change a majority of the directors because it generally takes at least two annual elections of directors for this to occur. Our articles of incorporation include a provision that no person will be entitled to vote any shares of our common
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stock in excess of 10% of our outstanding shares of common stock. This limitation does not apply to the purchase of shares by a tax-qualified employee stock benefit plan established by us. In addition, our articles of incorporation and bylaws restrict who may call special meetings of stockholders and how directors may be removed from office. Additionally, in certain instances, the Maryland General Corporation Law requires a supermajority vote of our stockholders to approve a merger or other business combination with a large stockholder, if the proposed transaction is not approved by a majority of our directors.
Legislative proposals would increase our state income taxes.
Recent legislative proposals in the State of Hawaii would increase taxes and other expenses paid by companies like Territorial Bancorp Inc., including increased taxes on banks and other financial corporations, the application of excise taxes on proceeds from bank-owned life insurance, and the imposition of other fees on financial institutions. If adopted, these proposals would increase our taxes and other non-interest expenses and reduce our net income.
| ITEM 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments |
Not applicable.
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| ITEM 2. | Properties |
We operate from our corporate office in Honolulu, Hawaii, and from our 27 full-service branches located in the State of Hawaii. The net book value of our premises, land and equipment was $5.5 million at December 31, 2011. The following table sets forth information with respect to our full-service banking offices, including the expiration date of leases with respect to leased facilities.
| AINA HAINA Aina Haina Shopping Center 820 West Hind Drive Honolulu, Oahu 96821 4/30/2021 |
KAILUA 19 Oneawa Street Kailua, Oahu 96734 |
KAUAI Kukui Grove Shopping Center 4393 Kukui Grove Street Lihue, Kauai 96766 2/28/2013 |
PEARL CITY Pearl City Shopping Center 850 Kamehameha Highway Pearl City, Oahu 96782 9/22/2014 | |||
| ALA MOANA CENTER 1450 Ala Moana Boulevard Honolulu, Oahu 96814 12/31/2017 |
KAIMUKI 1108 12th Avenue Honolulu, Oahu 96816 12/31/2018 |
KIHEI Azeka Shopping Center 1279 South Kihei Road Kihei, Maui 96753 1/31/2019 |
PEARLRIDGE 98-084 Kamehameha Highway Aiea, Oahu 96701 6/30/2022 | |||
| DOWNTOWN 1000 Bishop Street Honolulu, Oahu 96813 12/31/2020 |
KALIHI-KAPALAMA 1199 Dillingham Boulevard Honolulu, Oahu 96817 8/31/2012 |
KONA Crossroads Shopping Center 75-1027 Henry Street Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 8/31/2015 |
PIIKOI 1159 South Beretania Street Honolulu, Oahu 96814 12/31/2020 | |||
| HAWAII KAI Hawaii Kai Shopping Center 377 Keahole Street Honolulu, Oahu 96825 9/30/2013 |
KAMEHAMEHA SHOPPING CENTER 1620 North School Street Honolulu, Oahu 96817 9/30/2015 |
LAHAINA Old Lahaina Center 170 Papalaua Street Lahaina, Maui 96761 3/31/2013 |
SALT LAKE Salt Lake Shopping Center 848 Ala Lilikoi Street Honolulu, Oahu 96818 1/31/2016 | |||
| HILO Waiakea Center 315 Makaala Street Hilo, Hawaii 96720 12/31/2018 |
KANEOHE 46-005 Kawa Street Kaneohe, Oahu 96744 12/31/2014 |
McCULLY 1111 McCully Street Honolulu, Oahu 96826 5/31/2013 |
WAIPAHU Waipahu Town Center 94-050 Farrington Highway Waipahu, Oahu 96797 12/31/2014 | |||
| KAHALA 4819 Kilauea Avenue Honolulu, Oahu 96816 3/16/2015 |
KAPAHULU Kilohana Square 1016 Kapahulu Avenue Honolulu, Oahu 96816 11/14/2013 |
MILILANI Town Center of Mililani 95-1249 Meheula Parkway Mililani, Oahu 96789 10/11/2014 |
WAIPIO Laniakea Plaza 94-1221 Ka Uka Boulevard Waipahu, Oahu 96797 9/30/2016 | |||
| KAHULUI Kaahumanu Center 275 W. Kaahumanu Avenue Kahului, Maui 96732 12/31/2019 |
KAPOLEI Ace Center at Kapolei 480 Kamokila Boulevard Kapolei, Oahu 96707 7/31/2014 |
NUUANU Nuuanu Shopping Center 1613 Nuuanu Avenue Honolulu, Oahu 96817 7/22/2016 |
||||
| ITEM 3. | Legal Proceedings |
From time to time, we are involved as plaintiff or defendant in various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Except as previously disclosed, at December 31, 2011, we were not involved in any legal proceedings, the outcome of which would be material to our financial condition or results of operations.
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| ITEM 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |
Not applicable.
| ITEM 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
(a) Market, Holder and Dividend Information. Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “TBNK.” The approximate number of holders of record of Territorial Bancorp Inc.’s common stock as of February 29, 2012 was 1,334. Certain shares of Territorial Bancorp Inc. are held in “nominee” or “street” name and, accordingly, the number of beneficial owners of such shares is not known or included in the foregoing number. The following table presents quarterly market and dividend information for Territorial Bancorp Inc.’s common stock for the two years ended December 31, 2011. The following information with respect to high and low closing prices was provided by the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
| High | Low | Dividends Declared Per Share |
||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||
| Quarter ended December 31, 2011 |
$ | 20.31 | $ | 18.87 | $ | 0.09 | ||||||
| Quarter ended September 30, 2011 |
$ | 21.29 | $ | 18.96 | $ | 0.09 | ||||||
| Quarter ended June 30, 2011 |
$ | 20.72 | $ | 19.27 | $ | 0.09 | ||||||
| Quarter ended March 31, 2011 |
$ | 20.25 | $ | 18.91 | $ | 0.07 | ||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
||||||||||||
| Quarter ended December 31, 2010 |
$ | 20.19 | $ | 16.74 | $ | 0.07 | ||||||
| Quarter ended September 30, 2010 |
$ | 19.04 | $ | 16.57 | $ | 0.07 | ||||||
| Quarter ended June 30, 2010 |
$ | 20.66 | $ | 18.22 | $ | 0.05 | ||||||
| Quarter ended March 31, 2010 |
$ | 21.17 | $ | 17.72 | $ | 0.05 | ||||||
Dividend payments by Territorial Bancorp Inc. are dependent on dividends it receives from Territorial Savings Bank, because Territorial Bancorp Inc. has no source of income other than dividends from Territorial Savings Bank, earnings from the investment of proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock retained by Territorial Bancorp Inc. and interest payments with respect to Territorial Bancorp Inc.’s loan to the Employee Stock Ownership Plan. See “Item 1. Business—Supervision and Regulation—Federal Banking Regulation—Capital Distributions” and “—Holding Company Regulation—Dividends and Stock Repurchases.”
(b) Sales of Unregistered Securities. Not applicable.
(c) Use of Proceeds. Not applicable.
(d) Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans. See “Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.”
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(e) Stock Repurchases. The following table sets forth information in connection with repurchases of our shares of common stock during the fourth quarter of 2011:
| Period |
Total Number of Shares Purchased |
Average Price Paid per Share |
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |
Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1) (2) |
||||||||||||
| October 1, 2011 through October 31, 2011 |
80,522 | $ | 19.39 | 80,522 | 0 | |||||||||||
| December 1, 2011 through December 31, 2011 |
21,722 | 19.68 | 21,722 | 530,278 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
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| Total |
102,244 | $ | 19.45 | 102,244 | 530,278 | |||||||||||
|
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|
|
|
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| (1) | On August 26, 2011, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 581,265 shares of our common stock. In accordance with this authorization, we had repurchased 581,265 shares of our common stock as of December 31, 2011. |
| (2) | On December 9, 2011, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 552,000 shares of our common stock. In accordance with this authorization, we had repurchased 21,722 shares of our common stock as of December 31, 2011. This repurchase authorization expires on August 15, 2012. We have entered into a 10b5-1 plan with respect to our stock repurchase plan. |
(f) Stock Performance Graph. Set forth hereunder is a stock performance graph comparing (a) the cumulative total return on our shares of common stock between July 13, 2009 and December 31, 2011, (b) the cumulative total return on stocks included in the Total Return Index for the NASDAQ Stock Market (US) over such period, and (c) the cumulative total return on stocks included in the NASDAQ Bank Index over such period. Cumulative return assumes the reinvestment of dividends, and is expressed in dollars based on an assumed investment of $100.
There can be no assurance that the Company’s stock performance will continue in the future with the same or similar trend depicted in the graph. The Company will not make or endorse any predictions as to future stock performance.
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| Period Ending | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Index |
07/13/09 | 12/31/09 | 06/30/10 | 12/31/10 | 06/30/11 | 12/31/11 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Territorial Bancorp Inc. |
100.00 | 120.41 | 127.06 | 134.55 | 141.17 | 135.79 | ||||||||||||||||||
| SNL Bank and Thrift |
100.00 | 114.18 | 112.89 | 127.47 | 117.96 | 99.12 | ||||||||||||||||||
| NASDAQ Composite |
100.00 | 127.12 | 118.71 | 150.19 | 157.72 | 149.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| ITEM 6. | Selected Financial Data |
The following selected consolidated financial and other data has been derived, in part, from the consolidated financial statements and notes appearing elsewhere in this annual report.
| At December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Selected Financial Condition Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets |
$ | 1,537,571 | $ | 1,443,412 | $ | 1,389,612 | $ | 1,224,446 | $ | 1,162,018 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
131,937 | 194,435 | 135,953 | 11,216 | 19,755 | |||||||||||||||
| Investment securities held to maturity |
653,871 | 530,555 | 598,394 | 527,767 | 538,025 | |||||||||||||||
| Loans receivable, net |
688,095 | 641,790 | 597,700 | 633,160 | 554,795 | |||||||||||||||
| Bank owned life insurance |
30,234 | 29,266 | 28,249 | 27,107 | 26,068 | |||||||||||||||
| Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle stock, at cost |
12,348 | 12,348 | 12,348 | 12,348 | 12,348 | |||||||||||||||
| Deposits |
1,166,116 | 1,076,470 | 1,014,668 | 923,914 | 892,316 | |||||||||||||||
| Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle advances |
20,000 | 10,000 | 0 | 35,791 | 72,000 | |||||||||||||||
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |
108,300 | 105,200 | 130,200 | 115,200 | 55,200 | |||||||||||||||
| Subordinated debentures |
0 | 0 | 0 | 24,221 | 24,199 | |||||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity |
213,961 | 227,359 | 219,671 | 99,381 | 92,479 | |||||||||||||||
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Selected Operating Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and dividend income |
$ | 62,733 | $ | 61,115 | $ | 61,525 | $ | 61,220 | $ | 60,947 | ||||||||||
| Interest expense |
11,285 | 14,828 | 19,984 | 25,247 | 32,368 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Net interest income |
51,448 | 46,287 | 41,541 | 35,973 | 28,579 | |||||||||||||||
| Provision for loan losses |
418 | 345 | 1,198 | 149 | 25 | |||||||||||||||
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
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| Net interest and dividend income after provision for loan losses |
51,030 | 45,942 | 40,343 | 35,824 | 28,554 | |||||||||||||||
| Non-interest income |
5,111 | 2,128 | 2,505 | 2,173 | 3,876 | |||||||||||||||
| Non-interest expense |
34,654 | 31,530 | 29,545 | 27,003 | 24,047 | |||||||||||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Income before income taxes |
21,487 | 16,540 | 13,303 | 10,994 | 8,383 | |||||||||||||||
| Income taxes |
8,698 | 5,512 | 4,639 | 3,794 | 2,615 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Net income |
$ | 12,789 | $ | 11,028 | $ | 8,664 | $ | 7,200 | $ | 5,768 | ||||||||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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| At or For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
| Selected Financial Ratios and Other Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance Ratios: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Return on average assets (ratio of net income to average total assets) |
0.85 | % | 0.77 | % | 0.66 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.48 | % | ||||||||||
| Return on average equity (ratio of net income to average equity) |
5.72 | % | 4.91 | % | 5.50 | % | 7.37 | % | 6.35 | % | ||||||||||
| Interest rate spread (1) |
3.41 | % | 3.14 | % | 3.04 | % | 2.95 | % | 2.25 | % | ||||||||||
| Net interest margin (2) |
3.55 | % | 3.35 | % | 3.26 | % | 3.14 | % | 2.48 | % | ||||||||||
| Efficiency ratio (3) |
61.27 | % | 65.12 | % | 67.08 | % | 70.79 | % | 74.09 | % | ||||||||||
| Non-interest expense to average total assets |
2.31 | % | 2.20 | % | 2.24 | % | 2.25 | % | 2.01 | % | ||||||||||
| Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities |
118.21 | % | 119.19 | % | 114.30 | % | 108.71 | % | 108.16 | % | ||||||||||
| Average equity to average total assets |
14.91 | % | 15.69 | % | 11.93 | % | 8.15 | % | 7.58 | % | ||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share (4) |
$ | 1.19 | $ | 0.97 | $ | 0.77 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share (4) |
$ | 1.17 | $ | 0.97 | $ | 0.77 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
| Dividend payout ratio |
29.06 | % | 24.74 | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
| Asset Quality Ratios: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-performing assets to total assets |
0.22 | % | 0.06 | % | 0.05 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.01 | % | ||||||||||
| Non-performing loans to total loans |
0.42 | % | 0.12 | % | 0.09 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | ||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans |
52.65 | % | 184.16 | % | 323.27 | % | 603.36 | % | 724.53 | % | ||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses to total loans |
0.22 | % | 0.23 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.14 | % | 0.14 | % | ||||||||||
| Capital Ratios (bank-level only): |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
38.76 | % | 43.06 | % | 37.18 | % | 24.97 | % | 25.33 | % | ||||||||||
| Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
38.47 | % | 42.75 | % | 36.85 | % | 24.82 | % | 25.17 | % | ||||||||||
| Tier I capital (to total assets) |
13.07 | % | 14.02 | % | 13.67 | % | 9.89 | % | 9.83 | % | ||||||||||
| Other Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of full service offices |
27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 24 | |||||||||||||||
| Full time equivalent employees |
258 | 252 | 256 | 250 | 244 | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | The average interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted-average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted-average cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the year. |
| (2) | The net interest margin represents net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets for the year. |
| (3) | The efficiency ratio represents non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income. |
| (4) | The number of shares for the year ended 2009 are calculated from the effective date of July 10, 2009 to the period end. |
| ITEM 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
The objective of this section is to help readers understand our views on our results of operations and financial condition. You should read this discussion in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements that appear elsewhere in the annual report.
Overview
We have historically operated as a traditional thrift institution. The significant majority of our assets consist of long-term, fixed-rate residential mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities, which we have funded primarily with deposit accounts, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and Federal Home Loan Bank advances. This has resulted in our being particularly vulnerable to increases in interest rates, as our interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice more quickly than our interest-earning assets.
We have continued our focus on originating one- to four-family residential real estate loans. Our emphasis on conservative loan underwriting has resulted in low levels of non-performing assets at a time
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when many financial institutions are experiencing significant asset quality issues. Our non-performing assets totaled $3.3 million, or 0.22% of total assets at December 31, 2011, compared to $808,000, or 0.06% of total assets at December 31, 2010, and $679,000, or 0.05% of total assets at December 31, 2009. As of December 31, 2011, non-performing assets included nine mortgage loans for $2.5 million and two real estate owned totaling $408,000. Our non-performing loans and loss experience has enabled us to maintain a relatively low allowance for loan losses in relation to other peer institutions and correspondingly resulted in low levels of provisions for loan losses. Our provisions for loan losses were $418,000, $345,000 and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Other than our loans for the construction of one- to four-family residential homes, we do not offer “interest only” mortgage loans on one- to four-family residential properties (where the borrower pays interest for an initial period, after which the loan converts to a fully amortizing loan). We also do not offer loans that provide for negative amortization of principal, such as “Option ARM” loans, where the borrower can pay less than the interest owed on their loan, resulting in an increased principal balance during the life of the loan. We do not offer “subprime loans” (loans that generally target borrowers with weakened credit histories typically characterized by payment delinquencies, previous charge-offs, judgments, bankruptcies, or borrowers with questionable repayment capacity as evidenced by low credit scores or high debt-burden ratios) or Alt-A loans (traditionally defined as non-conforming loans having less than full documentation). We also do not own any private label mortgage-backed securities that are collateralized by Alt-A, low or no documentation or subprime mortgage loans.
Our operations in recent years have been affected by our efforts to manage our interest rate risk position. In 2009, we obtained $15.0 million of long-term, fixed-rate securities sold under agreements to repurchase, purchased $91.4 million of shorter-duration mortgage-backed securities, sold $85.2 million of fixed-rate mortgage loan originations and raised $122.3 million of capital in a stock conversion to reduce our interest rate risk. In 2010, we obtained an additional $10.2 million of shorter-duration mortgage-backed securities, sold $45.1 million of fixed-rate mortgage loan production and obtained $10.0 million of long-term, fixed-rate borrowings. In 2011, we sold $61.2 million of fixed-rate mortgage loan production and obtained $57.0 million of long-term, fixed-rate borrowings. See “—Management of Market Risk” for a discussion of all of the actions we took in 2009, 2010 and 2011 in managing interest rate risk.
All of the Bank’s mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations have been issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae, U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These agencies guarantee the payment of principal and interest on the Bank’s mortgage-backed securities. We do not own any preferred stock issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. As of December 31, 2011, our borrowing capacity at the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle was $361.0 million compared to $350.3 million at December 31, 2010.
Critical Accounting Policies
We consider accounting policies that require management to exercise significant judgment or discretion or make significant assumptions that have, or could have, a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets or on income, to be critical accounting policies. We consider the following to be our critical accounting policies:
Allowance for Loan Losses. We maintain an allowance for loan losses at an amount estimated to equal all credit losses incurred in our loan portfolio that are both probable and reasonable to estimate at a balance sheet date. We establish specific allowances for impaired loans, and general allowances for the remaining loans in our loan portfolio. To estimate credit losses on impaired loans (in accordance with the
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Receivables topic of the FASB ASC), we evaluate numerous factors, as described below in “—Allowance for Loan Losses.” Based on our estimate of the level of allowance for loan losses required, we record a provision for loan losses to maintain the allowance for loan losses at an amount that provides for all losses that are both probable and reasonable to estimate.
Since we cannot predict with certainty the amount of loan charge-offs that will be incurred and because the eventual level of loan charge-offs is affected by numerous conditions beyond our control, a range of loss estimates can reasonably be used to determine the allowance for loan losses and the related provisions for loan losses. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination processes, periodically review our allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require that we recognize additions to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Deterioration in the Hawaii real estate market could result in an increase in loan delinquencies, additional increases in our allowance for loan losses and provision for loan losses, as well as an increase in loan charge-offs.
Securities Impairment. We periodically perform analyses to determine whether there has been an other-than-temporary decline in the value of our securities. Our held-to-maturity securities consist primarily of debt securities for which we have a positive intent and ability to hold to maturity, and are carried at amortized cost. Our available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value. We conduct a quarterly review and evaluation of the securities portfolio to determine if the value of any security has declined below its cost or amortized cost, and whether such decline is other-than-temporary. If such decline is deemed other-than-temporary, we would adjust the cost basis of the security by writing down the security for any credit losses through a charge on the income statement. The market values of our securities are affected by changes in interest rates as well as shifts in the market’s perception of the issuers. The fair value of investment securities is usually based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes. However, if there are no observable market inputs (for securities such as trust preferred securities), we estimate the fair value using unobservable inputs. We obtain estimates of the fair value of trust preferred securities from pricing services which discount projected cash flows using a risk-adjusted discount rate in accordance with the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic of the FASB ASC.
On April 9, 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board revised the Investments—Debt and Equity Securities and the Fair Value Measurements topics of the FASB ASC. The revisions amend the other-than-temporary impairment guidance for U.S. GAAP for debt securities to improve the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments on debt and equity securities in a company’s financial statements. Before these recent revisions, to conclude that an impairment was not other than temporary, an entity was required, among other considerations, to assert that it had the intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5M, “Other Than Temporary Impairment of Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities,” and other authoritative literature. As a result of these recent revisions, an entity should assess whether the entity (a) has the intent to sell the debt security or (b) more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery (for example, if its cash or working capital requirements or contractual or regulatory obligations indicate that the debt security will be required to be sold before the forecasted recovery occurs). The revisions also change the trigger used to assess the collectability of cash flows from “probable that the investor will be unable to collect all amounts due” to “the entity does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security.” If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis of the security, an other-than-temporary impairment shall have occurred. We adopted the two revisions to the FASB ASC for the quarter ended March 31, 2009.
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We had previously considered our investment in PreTSL XXIV to be other-than-temporarily impaired. PreTSL XXIV has a book value of $0. Our investment in PreTSL XXIII was determined to be other-than temporarily impaired and we recorded an impairment charge of $2.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. When the impairment charge of $2.4 million on PreTSL XXIII was recorded, the security was written down to its fair value of $32,000. The $1.1 million difference between the original outstanding principal balance of $3.5 million and the impairment charge of $2.4 million was reported as other comprehensive loss and is related to noncredit factors such as an inactive trust preferred securities market.
See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for a discussion on our investment in trust preferred securities.
We evaluated our $12.3 million investment in FHLB stock for other-than-temporary impairment as of December 31, 2011. Considering the long-term nature of this investment, the liquidity position of the FHLB of Seattle, the actions taken by the FHLB of Seattle to meet its regulatory capital requirement, and our intent not to sell this investment for a period of time sufficient to recover the par value, our FHLB stock was not considered other-than-temporarily impaired. As of December 31, 2011, the FHLB of Seattle has met all of its regulatory capital requirements. Moody’s Investor Services and Standard and Poor’s have given the FHLB of Seattle long-term credit ratings of Aaa and AA+, respectively. Even though we did not recognize an other-than-temporary impairment loss on our investment in FHLB stock in 2011, continued deterioration in the FHLB of Seattle’s financial position may result in future impairment losses.
Deferred Tax Assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards. A valuation allowance may be required if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is necessary, we consider the level of taxable income in prior years, to the extent that carrybacks are permitted under current tax laws, as well as estimates of future taxable income and tax planning strategies that could be implemented to accelerate taxable income if necessary. If our estimates of future taxable income were materially overstated or if our assumptions regarding the tax consequences of tax planning strategies were inaccurate, some or all of our deferred tax assets may not be realized, which would result in a charge to earnings.
Defined Benefit Retirement Plan. Defined benefit plan obligations and related assets of our defined benefit retirement plan are presented in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Effective December 31, 2008, the defined benefit retirement plan was frozen and all plan benefits were fixed as of that date. Plan assets, which consist primarily of marketable equity and debt securities, are typically valued using market quotations. Plan obligations and the annual pension expense are determined by independent actuaries through the use of a number of assumptions. Key assumptions in measuring the plan obligations include the discount rate and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. In determining the discount rate, we utilize a yield that reflects the top 50% of the universe of bonds, ranked in the order of the highest yield. These bonds provide cash flows that match the timing of expected benefit payments. Asset returns are based upon the anticipated average rate of earnings expected on the invested funds of the plans.
At December 31, 2011, we used weighted-average discount rates of 5.80% and 4.90% for calculating annual pension expense and projected plan liabilities, respectively, and an expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 7.75% for calculating annual pension expense. At December 31, 2010, we used a weighted-average discount rate of 6.20% and 5.80% for calculating annual pension expense and projected plan liabilities, respectively, and an expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 8.00% for calculating annual pension expense. For both the discount rate and the asset return rate, a range of estimates could reasonably have been used, which would affect the amount of pension expense and pension liability recorded.
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An increase in the discount rate or asset return rate would reduce pension expense in 2011, while a decrease in the discount rate or asset return rate would have the opposite effect. A 25 basis point decrease in the discount rate assumptions would increase 2011 pension expense by $3,000 and year-end 2011 pension liability by $431,000, while a 25 basis point decrease in the asset return rate would increase 2011 pension expense by $25,000.
Balance Sheet Analysis
Assets. At December 31, 2011, our assets were $1.538 billion, an increase of $94.2 million, or 6.5%, from $1.443 billion at December 31, 2010. The increase was caused by a $108.3 million increase in investment securities and a $46.3 million increase in loans receivable. This was partially offset by a $62.5 million decrease in cash and cash equivalents.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. At December 31, 2011, we had $131.9 million of cash and cash equivalents compared to $194.4 million at December 31, 2010. During 2011, cash was used to fund a $108.3 million increase in investment securities and a $46.3 million increase in loans receivable. In addition, the Company repurchased $25.5 million of common stock and paid $3.9 million of common stock dividends. This was partially offset by an $89.6 million increase in deposits, a $13.1 million increase in FHLB advances and securities sold under agreements to repurchase and net income of $12.8 million.
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Loan Portfolio Composition. The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio at the dates indicated.
| At December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate loans: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First mortgage: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| One- to four-family residential |
$ | 654,412 | 93.90 | % | $ | 604,456 | 92.99 | % | $ | 555,473 | 91.25 | % | $ | 581,251 | 90.52 | % | $ | 506,410 | 90.21 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Multi-family residential |
6,956 | 1.00 | 5,408 | 0.83 | 3,807 | 0.63 | 3,756 | 0.58 | 4,488 | 0.80 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction, commercial and other |
12,741 | 1.83 | 14,412 | 2.22 | 20,762 | 3.41 | 21,042 | 3.28 | 17,041 | 3.04 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity loans and lines of credit |
17,253 | 2.48 | 20,064 | 3.09 | 21,789 | 3.58 | 29,956 | 4.67 | 26,828 | 4.78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other loans |
5,488 | 0.79 | 5,635 | 0.87 | 6,895 | 1.13 | 6,097 | 0.95 | 6,579 | 1.17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans |
696,850 | 100.00 | % | 649,975 | 100.00 | % | 608,726 | 100.00 | % | 642,102 | 100.00 | % | 561,346 | 100.00 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other items: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unearned fees and discounts, net |
(5,613 | ) | (5,585 | ) | (5,255 | ) | (5,100 | ) | (4,375 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Undisbursed loan funds |
(1,601 | ) | (1,112 | ) | (4,090 | ) | (2,943 | ) | (1,408 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses |
(1,541 | ) | (1,488 | ) | (1,681 | ) | (899 | ) | (768 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans receivable, net |
$ | 688,095 | $ | 641,790 | $ | 597,700 | $ | 633,160 | $ | 554,795 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Loan Portfolio Maturities and Yields. The following table summarizes the scheduled maturities of our loan portfolio at December 31, 2011. Demand loans, loans having no stated repayment schedule or maturity, and overdraft loans are reported as being due in one year or less.
| One- to four-family residential real estate |
Multi-family residential real estate |
Construction, commercial and other real estate |
Home equity loans and lines of credit |
Other loans | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Weighted Average Rate |
Amount | Weighted Average Rate |
Amount | Weighted Average Rate |
Amount | Weighted Average Rate |
Amount | Weighted Average Rate |
Amount | Weighted Average Rate |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due During the Years |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2012 |
$ | 2 | 10.00 | % | $ | 298 | 7.00 | % | $ | 342 | 6.78 | % | $ | 665 | 5.32 | % | $ | 1,252 | 6.19 | % | $ | 2,559 | 6.14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2013 to 2016 |
176 | 5.81 | 604 | 7.00 | 506 | 7.00 | 9 | 8.27 | 1,214 | 6.82 | 2,509 | 6.83 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 and beyond |
654,234 | 4.89 | 6,054 | 5.99 | 11,893 | 5.99 | 16,579 | 6.06 | 3,022 | 5.88 | 691,782 | 4.95 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
$ | 654,412 | 4.89 | % | $ | 6,956 | 6.12 | % | $ | 12,741 | 6.05 | % | $ | 17,253 | 6.03 | % | $ | 5,488 | 6.16 | % | $ | 696,850 | 4.96 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Table of Contents
The following table sets forth the scheduled repayments of fixed- and adjustable-rate loans at December 31, 2011 that are contractually due after December 31, 2012.
| Due After December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
| Fixed | Adjustable | Total | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Real estate loans: |
||||||||||||
| First mortgage: |
||||||||||||
| One- to four-family residential |
$ | 648,147 | $ | 6,263 | $ | 654,410 | ||||||
| Multi-family residential |
4,802 | 1,856 | 6,658 | |||||||||
| Construction, commercial and other |
10,769 | 1,630 | 12,399 | |||||||||
| Home equity loans and lines of credit |
8,352 | 8,236 | 16,588 | |||||||||
| Other loans |
3,767 | 469 | 4,236 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Total loans |
$ | 675,837 | $ | 18,454 | $ | 694,291 | ||||||
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|
|
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Securities. At December 31, 2011, our securities portfolio totaled $653.9 million, or 42.5% of assets. At that date, our securities held to maturity consisted primarily of securities with the following amortized costs: $579.3 million of mortgage-backed securities, $74.5 million of collateralized mortgage obligations and $32,000 of trust preferred securities. All of the mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations were issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. At December 31, 2011, none of the underlying collateral consisted of subprime or Alt-A loans (traditionally defined as non-conforming loans having less than full documentation). At December 31, 2011, we held no common or preferred stock of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, our securities portfolio increased by $108.3 million, or 19.9%, primarily due to purchases exceeding repayments.
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Table of Contents
The following table sets forth the amortized cost and estimated fair value of our securities portfolio (excluding Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle common stock) at the dates indicated.
| At December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost |
Fair Value | Amortized Cost |
Fair Value | Amortized Cost |
Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held to Maturity: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government sponsored mortgage-backed securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae |
$ | 69,254 | $ | 73,043 | $ | 62,174 | $ | 65,576 | $ | 81,234 | $ | 83,538 | ||||||||||||
| Freddie Mac |
462,546 | 486,895 | 301,450 | 310,082 | 299,143 | 305,166 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Collateralized mortgage obligations (1) |
74,548 | 76,408 | 122,209 | 125,427 | 175,100 | 178,049 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ginnie Mae |
47,491 | 50,714 | 44,690 | 45,631 | 39,375 | 39,416 | ||||||||||||||||||
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|
|||||||||||||
| Total U.S. government sponsored mortgage-backed securities |
653,839 | 687,060 | 530,523 | 546,716 | 594,852 | 606,169 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Trust preferred securities |
32 | 259 | 32 | 128 | 3,542 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Total |
$ | 653,871 | $ | 687,319 | $ | 530,555 | $ | 546,844 | $ | 598,394 | $ | 606,269 | ||||||||||||
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| Available for Sale: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government sponsored mortgage-backed securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Freddie Mac |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 5,148 | $ | 4,965 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Ginnie Mae |
0 | 0 | 10,392 | 10,045 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Total U.S. government sponsored mortgage-backed securities |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 15,540 | $ | 15,010 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
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| (1) | All of our collateralized mortgage obligations have been issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. |
Unrealized losses on individual mortgage-backed securities as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 were caused by increases in current market interest rates. All of our mortgage-backed securities are guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. Since the decline in market value had been attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and we have had, and continue to have, the intent not to sell these investments, and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell such investments prior to the recovery of the amortized cost basis, we have not considered these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2011, 2010 or 2009.
At December 31, 2011, we owned trust preferred securities with a carrying value of $32,000. This portfolio consists of two securities, which represent investments in a pool of debt obligations issued by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-insured financial institutions, insurance companies and real estate investment trusts.
The trust preferred securities market is considered to be inactive as only three transactions have occurred over the past 12 months in similar tranches to the securities owned by the Company. The Company used a discounted cash flow model to determine whether these securities are other-than-temporarily impaired. The assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model include the following: estimated discount rates, estimated deferral and default rates on collateral, and estimated cash flows. Our pricing service used a discount rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 20.00% and determined fair value to be $7.30 per $100 of par value.
See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for a discussion on our investment in trust preferred securities.
At December 31, 2011, we had no investments in a single company (other than U.S. government sponsored enterprises) or entity that had an aggregate book value in excess of 10% of our consolidated equity.
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Table of Contents
Portfolio Maturities and Coupons. The composition and maturities of the investment securities portfolio at December 31, 2011 are summarized in the following table. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates, and do not reflect the impact of prepayments or early redemptions that may occur. No tax-equivalent adjustments have been made, as we did not hold any tax-free investment securities at December 31, 2011.
| One Year or Less | More than One Year through Five Years |
More than Five Years through Ten Years |
More than Ten Years | Total Securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost |
Weighted Average Coupon |
Amortized Cost |
Weighted Average Coupon |
Amortized Cost |
Weighted Average Coupon |
Amortized Cost |
Weighted Average Coupon |
Amortized Cost |
Fair Value |
Weighted Average Coupon | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held to Maturity: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government sponsored mortgage-backed securities: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fannie Mae |
$ | 0 | 0.00 | % | $ | 0 | 0.00 | % | $ | 148 | 4.53 | % | $ | 69,106 | 4.46 | % | $ | 69,254 | $ | 73,043 | 4.46 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Freddie Mac |
0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 53 | 4.82 | 462,493 | 4.27 | 462,546 | 486,895 | 4.27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Collateralized mortgage obligations (1) |
0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 6,323 | 4.29 | 68,225 | 4.68 | 74,548 | 76,408 | 4.65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ginnie Mae |
0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 47,491 | 4.31 | 47,491 | 50,714 | 4.31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Total U.S. government sponsored mortgage-backed securities |
0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 6,524 | 4.30 | 647,315 | 4.34 | 653,839 | 687,060 | 4.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trust preferred securities |
0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 32 | 2.65 | 32 | 259 | 2.65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Total |
$ | 0 | 0.00 | % | $ | 0 | 0.00 | % | $ | 6,524 | 4.30 | % | $ | 647,347 | 4.34 | % | $ | 653,871 | $ | 687,319 | 4.34 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| (1) | All of our collateralized mortgage obligations have been issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. |
Bank-Owned Life Insurance. We invest in bank-owned life insurance to provide us with a funding source for our benefit plan obligations. Bank-owned life insurance also generally provides us non-interest income that is non-taxable. Federal regulations generally limit our investment in bank-owned life insurance to 25% of our Tier 1 capital plus our allowance for loan losses. At December 31, 2011, this limit was $50.7 million, and we had invested $30.2 million in bank-owned life insurance at that date.
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Table of Contents
Deposits. We accept deposits primarily from the areas in which our offices are located. We rely on our competitive pricing, convenient locations and customer service to attract and retain deposits. We offer a variety of deposit accounts with a range of interest rates and terms. Our deposit accounts consist of passbook and statement savings accounts, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, commercial and regular checking accounts and Super NOW accounts. Historically, we have not accepted brokered deposits.
Interest rates paid, maturity terms, service fees and withdrawal penalties are established on a periodic basis. Deposit rates and terms are based primarily on current operating strategies, market interest rates, liquidity requirements and our deposit growth goals.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, our deposits grew by $89.6 million, or 8.3%. The increase was caused by our promoting higher-than-market rates for our passbook and statement savings accounts. Savings accounts grew by $61.1 million, or 8.2%, because higher interest rates and the ability to get immediate access to their funds without incurring an early withdrawal penalty appealed to customers.
At December 31, 2011, we had a total of $223.8 million in certificates of deposit, of which $183.9 million had remaining maturities of one year or less. Based on historical experience and our current pricing strategy, we believe we will retain a significant portion of these accounts upon maturity.
The following tables set forth the distribution of our average total deposit accounts (including interest-bearing and non-interest bearing deposits), by account type, for the periods indicated.
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average Balance |
Percent | Weighted Average Rate |
Average Balance |
Percent | Weighted Average Rate |
|||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposit type: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest bearing |
$ | 22,566 | 2.0 | % | 0.00 | % | $ | 18,788 | 1.8 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||
| Savings accounts |
771,194 | 69.1 | 0.61 | % | 715,500 | 67.2 | 1.08 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit |
215,609 | 19.3 | 0.93 | % | 228,835 | 21.5 | 1.14 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Money market |
540 | 0.0 | 0.37 | % | 19,060 | 1.8 | 0.06 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Checking and Super NOW |
106,218 | 9.6 | 0.05 | % | 82,543 | 7.7 | 0.06 | % | ||||||||||||||||
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|
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| Total deposits |
$ | 1,116,127 | 100.0 | % | 0.61 | % | $ | 1,064,726 | 100.0 | % | 0.99 | % | ||||||||||||
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| For the Year Ended December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
| Average Balance |
Percent | Weighted Average Rate |
||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Deposit type: |
||||||||||||
| Non-interest bearing |
$ | 33,583 | 3.4 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Savings accounts |
511,152 | 51.3 | 1.52 | % | ||||||||
| Certificates of deposit |
337,487 | 33.9 | 1.81 | % | ||||||||
| Money market |
94,857 | 9.5 | 0.25 | % | ||||||||
| Checking and Super NOW |
19,554 | 1.9 | 0.06 | % | ||||||||
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|
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| Total deposits |
$ | 996,633 | 100.0 | % | 1.42 | % | ||||||
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Table of Contents
As of December 31, 2011, the aggregate amount of outstanding certificates of deposit in amounts greater than or equal to $100,000 was $153.3 million. The following table sets forth the maturity of those certificates as of December 31, 2011.
| At December 31, 2011 |
||||
| (In thousands) | ||||
| Three months or less |
$ | 95,751 | ||
| Over three months through six months |
31,928 | |||
| Over six months through one year |
9,589 | |||
| Over one year to three years |
10,909 | |||
| Over three years |
5,091 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total |
$ | 153,268 | ||
|
|
|
|||
Borrowings and Subordinated Debentures. Our borrowings consist primarily of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle and funds borrowed under securities sold under agreements to repurchase. At December 31, 2011, our securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaled $108.3 million, or 8.2% of total liabilities and our Federal Home Loan Bank advances totaled $20.0 million, or 1.5% of total liabilities. At December 31, 2011, we had the capability to borrow up to $361.0 million in the form of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, our borrowings increased $13.1 million, or 11.4%. The increase occurred when we obtained $10.0 million of additional Federal Home Loan Bank advances and had a $3.1 million net increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase. We have not required any other borrowings to fund our operations. Instead, we have primarily funded our operations with the net proceeds from our stock offering, additional deposits, proceeds from loan sales and principal repayments on loans and mortgage-backed securities. The shift from short-term to long-term borrowings is part of our continued effort to reduce interest rate risk. See “—Management of Market Risk.”
The following table sets forth information concerning balances and interest rates on our Federal Home Loan Bank advances at the dates and for the years indicated.
| At or For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Balance at end of year |
$ | 20,000 | $ | 10,000 | $ | 0 | ||||||
| Average balance during year |
$ | 19,178 | $ | 7,233 | $ | 3,932 | ||||||
| Maximum outstanding at any month end |
$ | 20,000 | $ | 10,000 | $ | 29,381 | ||||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year |
2.09 | % | 2.12 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Average interest rate during year |
2.09 | % | 2.11 | % | 0.84 | % | ||||||
The following table sets forth information concerning balances and interest rates on our securities sold under agreements to repurchase at the dates and for the years indicated.
| At or For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Balance at end of year |
$ | 108,300 | $ | 105,200 | $ | 130,200 | ||||||
| Average balance during year |
$ | 114,022 | $ | 106,422 | $ | 129,214 | ||||||
| Maximum outstanding at any month end |
$ | 122,200 | $ | 105,200 | $ | 130,200 | ||||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year |
3.35 | % | 3.98 | % | 3.82 | % | ||||||
| Average interest rate during year |
3.61 | % | 4.02 | % | 3.88 | % | ||||||
49
Table of Contents
In the year ended December 31, 2009, we repaid $24.7 million of subordinated debentures. We recognized a loss of $507,000 when the unamortized costs relating to the issuance of the debentures were written off.
Stockholders’ Equity. At December 31, 2011, our stockholders’ equity was $214.0 million, a decrease of $13.4 million, or 5.9%, from $227.4 million at December 31, 2010. The decrease primarily resulted from the repurchase of 1,281,268 shares of our common stock for $25.5 million and dividends declared of $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This was partially offset by net income of $12.8 million and a $3.5 million increase in paid-in-capital related to stock benefit plan awards.
50
Table of Contents
Average Balances and Yields
The following tables set forth average balance sheets, average yields and rates, and certain other information for the years indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments were made, as the effect thereof was not material. All average balances are daily average balances. Non-accrual loans were included in the computation of average balances, but have been reflected in the table as loans carrying a zero yield. The yields set forth below include the effect of net deferred costs, discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income.
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||
| Average Outstanding Balance |
Interest | Yield/ Rate | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: |
||||||||||||
| Loans: |
||||||||||||
| Real estate loans: |
||||||||||||
| First mortgage: |
||||||||||||
| One- to four-family residential (1) |
$ | 620,971 | $ | 32,872 | 5.29 | % | ||||||
| Multi-family residential |
6,183 | 394 | 6.37 | |||||||||
| Construction, commercial and other |
13,868 | 828 | 5.97 | |||||||||
| Home equity loans and lines of credit |
18,367 | 1,117 | 6.08 | |||||||||
| Other loans |
5,451 | 346 | 6.35 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total loans |
664,840 | 35,557 | 5.35 | |||||||||
| Investment securities: |
||||||||||||
| U.S. government sponsored mortgage-backed securities (1) |
635,587 | 26,851 | 4.22 | |||||||||
| Trust preferred securities |
32 | 0 | 0.00 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total securities |
635,619 | 26,851 | 4.22 | |||||||||
| Other |
149,668 | 325 | 0.22 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets |
1,450,127 | 62,733 | 4.33 | |||||||||
| Non-interest-earning assets |
50,284 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Total assets |
$ | 1,500,411 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities: |
||||||||||||
| Savings accounts |
$ | 771,194 | 4,707 | 0.61 | % | |||||||
| Certificates of deposit |
215,609 | 2,013 | 0.93 | |||||||||
| Money market accounts |
540 | 2 | 0.37 | |||||||||
| Checking and Super NOW accounts |
106,218 | 48 | 0.05 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits |
1,093,561 | 6,770 | 0.62 | |||||||||
| Federal Home Loan Bank advances |
19,178 | 401 | 2.09 | |||||||||
| Other borrowings |
114,022 | 4,114 | 3.61 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities |
1,226,761 | 11,285 | 0.92 | |||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing liabilities |
49,980 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Total liabilities |
1,276,741 | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity |
223,670 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
$ | 1,500,411 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Net interest income |
$ | 51,448 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread (3) |
3.41 | % | ||||||||||
| Net interest-earning assets (4) |
$ | 223,366 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Net interest margin (5) |
3.55 | % | ||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities |
118.21 | % | ||||||||||
(footnotes on following page)
51
Table of Contents
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average Outstanding Balance |
Interest | Yield/Rate | Average Outstanding Balance |
Interest | Yield/Rate | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate loans: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First mortgage: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| One- to four-family residential (1) |
$ | 574,924 | $ | 31,879 | 5.54 | % | $ | 563,094 | $ | 32,267 | 5.73 | % | ||||||||||||
| Multi-family residential |
4,733 | 321 | 6.78 | 3,742 | 266 | 7.11 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Construction, commercial and other |
16,653 | 1,058 | 6.35 | 17,733 | 1,169 | 6.59 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity loans and lines of credit |
20,815 | 1,303 | 6.26 | 24,709 | 1,630 | 6.60 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other loans |
6,243 | 398 | 6.38 | 6,679 | 443 | 6.63 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Total loans |
623,368 | 34,959 | 5.61 | 615,957 | 35,775 | 5.81 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government sponsored mortgage-backed securities (1) |
577,221 | 25,754 | 4.46 | 536,441 | 25,609 | 4.77 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Trust preferred securities (2) |
888 | 0 | 0.00 | 3,751 | (8 | ) | (.21 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Total securities |
578,109 | 25,754 | 4.45 | 540,192 | 25,601 | 4.74 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other |
180,658 | 402 | 0.22 | 117,045 | 149 | 0.13 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets |
1,382,135 | 61,115 | 4.42 | 1,273,194 | 61,525 | 4.83 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest-earning assets |
48,102 | 48,574 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets |
$ | 1,430,237 | $ | 1,321,768 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts |
$ | 715,500 | 7,722 | 1.08 | % | $ | 511,152 | 7,761 | 1.52 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit |
228,835 | 2,614 | 1.14 | 337,487 | 6,118 | 1.81 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts |
19,060 | 12 | 0.06 | 94,857 | 239 | 0.25 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Checking and Super NOW accounts |
82,543 | 47 | 0.06 | 19,554 | 11 | 0.06 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits |
1,045,938 | 10,395 | 0.99 | 963,050 | 14,129 | 1.47 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Federal Home Loan Bank advances |
7,233 | 153 | 2.12 | 3,932 | 33 | 0.84 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings |
106,422 | 4,280 | 4.02 | 146,878 | 5,822 | 3.96 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities |
1,159,593 | 14,828 | 1.28 | 1,113,860 | 19,984 | 1.79 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing liabilities |
46,224 | 50,285 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities |
1,205,817 | 1,164,145 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity |
224,420 | 157,623 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
$ | 1,430,237 | $ | 1,321,768 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income |
$ | 46,287 | $ | 41,541 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread (3) |
3.14 | % | 3.04 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest-earning assets (4) |
$ | 222,542 | $ | 159,334 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin (5) |
3.35 | % | 3.26 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities |
119.19 | % | 114.30 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | Average balance includes loans or investments available for sale. |
| (2) | Interest on trust preferred securities for 2009 has a negative balance because interest owed on these securities was reversed in 2009. |
| (3) | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities. |
| (4) | Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities. |
| (5) | Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets. |
52
Table of Contents
Rate/Volume Analysis
The following table presents the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income for the years indicated. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate). The total column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume.
| Years Ended December 31, 2011 vs. 2010 |
Years Ended December 31, 2010 vs. 2009 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase (Decrease) Due to |
Total Increase (Decrease) |
Increase (Decrease) Due to |
Total Increase (Decrease) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Volume | Rate | Volume | Rate | |||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate loans: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First mortgage: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| One- to four-family residential |
$ | 2,287 | $ | (1,294 | ) | $ | 993 | $ | 719 | $ | (1,107 | ) | $ | (388 | ) | |||||||||
| Multi-family residential |
91 | (18 | ) | 73 | 67 | (12 | ) | 55 | ||||||||||||||||
| Construction, commercial and other |
(169 | ) | (61 | ) | (230 | ) | (70 | ) | (41 | ) | (111 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Home equity loans and lines of credit |
(150 | ) | (36 | ) | (186 | ) | (247 | ) | (80 | ) | (327 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Other loans |
(50 | ) | (2 | ) | (52 | ) | (28 | ) | (17 | ) | (45 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Total loans |
2,009 | (1,411 | ) | 598 | 441 | (1,257 | ) | (816 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Investment securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government sponsored mortgage-backed securities |
2,312 | (1,215 | ) | 1,097 | 1,037 | (892 | ) | 145 | ||||||||||||||||
| Trust preferred securities |
0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Total securities |
2,312 | (1,215 | ) | 1,097 | 1,040 | (887 | ) | 153 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other |
(67 | ) | (10 | ) | (77 | ) | 106 | 147 | 253 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets |
$ | 4,254 | $ | (2,636 | ) | $ | 1,618 | $ | 1,587 | $ | (1,997 | ) | $ | (410 | ) | |||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts |
$ | 658 | $ | (3,673 | ) | $ | (3,015 | ) | $ | (141 | ) | $ | 102 | $ | (39 | ) | ||||||||
| Certificates of deposit |
(144 | ) | (457 | ) | (601 | ) | (1,631 | ) | (1,873 | ) | (3,504 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Money market accounts |
2 | (12 | ) | (10 | ) | (117 | ) | (110 | ) | (227 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Checking and Super NOW accounts |
4 | (3 | ) | 1 | 36 | 0 | 36 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits |
520 | (4,145 | ) | (3,625 | ) | (1,853 | ) | (1,881 | ) | (3,734 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Federal Home Loan Bank advances |
250 | (2 | ) | 248 | 43 | 77 | 120 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings |
377 | (543 | ) | (166 | ) | (1,628 | ) | 86 | (1,542 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities |
$ | 1,147 | $ | (4,690 | ) | $ | (3,543 | ) | $ | (3,438 | ) | $ | (1,718 | ) | $ | (5,156 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Change in net interest income |
$ | 3,107 | $ | 2,054 | $ | 5,161 | $ | 5,025 | $ | (279 | ) | $ | 4,746 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
53
Table of Contents
Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009
General. Net income increased by $1.8 million, or 16.0%, to $12.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $11.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase was primarily caused by a $3.5 million decrease in interest expense, a $3.0 million increase in non-interest income and a $1.6 million increase in interest and dividend income. These changes were partially offset by a $3.1 million increase in non-interest expense and a $3.2 million increase in income taxes.
Net income increased by $2.4 million, or 27.3%, to $11.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The increase was primarily caused by a $5.2 million decrease in interest expense and an $853,000 decrease in the provision for loan losses. These changes were partially offset by a $2.0 million increase in non-interest expense, a $377,000 decrease in non-interest income and an $873,000 increase in income taxes.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased by $5.2 million, or 11.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to the prior year. Interest expense decreased by $3.5 million as declining market interest rates for savings accounts and certificates of deposit allowed us to reduce our deposit expense by $3.6 million. The decrease in interest expense on deposits was partially offset by an $82,000 increase in interest expense on borrowings to $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase in interest expense on borrowings is primarily due to the $10.0 million increase in advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank. Interest and dividend income increased by $1.6 million to $62.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $61.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. Interest income on securities rose by $1.1 million, primarily due to a $57.5 million increase in the average securities balance. Interest income on loans increased by $598,000, primarily due to a $41.5 million increase in the average loan balance. Interest income on other interest earning assets decreased by $77,000 primarily due to a $30.1 million decrease in cash invested at the Federal Reserve Bank. The interest rate spread and net interest margin were 3.41% and 3.55%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to 3.14% and 3.35% for 2010. The improvement in the interest rate spread was the result of a 36 basis point decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities that was partially offset by a nine basis point decrease in the average yield on interest-earning assets.
Net interest income increased by $4.7 million, or 11.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2010, compared to the prior year. Interest expense decreased by $5.2 million as declining market interest rates for certificates of deposit allowed us to reduce our deposit expense by $3.7 million. In addition, interest expense on borrowings decreased by $1.4 million to $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The decrease in interest expense on borrowings is due to the payoff of $24.7 million of subordinated debentures and $25.0 million of securities sold under agreements to repurchase. Interest and dividend income decreased by $410,000 to $61.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $61.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Interest income on loans decreased by $816,000, primarily due to lower loan yields. Interest income on securities rose by $153,000, primarily due to a $37.9 million increase in the average securities balance. Interest income on other interest earning assets grew by $253,000 due to an increase in interest earned on cash invested at the Federal Reserve Bank. The interest rate spread and net interest margin were 3.14% and 3.35%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2010, compared to 3.04% and 3.26% for 2009. The improvement in the interest rate spread was the result of a 51 basis point decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities that was partially offset by a 41 basis point decrease in the average yield on interest-earning assets.
Interest and Dividend Income. Interest and dividend income increased by $1.6 million to $62.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $61.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010.
54
Table of Contents
In 2011, interest income on loans increased by $598,000, or 1.7%, to $35.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $35.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase in interest income on loans primarily occurred because of a $41.5 million increase in the average loan balance to $664.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $623.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase in interest income was partially offset by a 26 basis point decrease in the average loan yield to 5.35% for the year ended December 31, 2011 from 5.61% for the year ended December 31, 2010. Interest income on securities grew by $1.1 million, or 4.3%, to $26.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $25.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase in interest income on securities was primarily due to a $57.5 million increase in the average securities balance which was partially offset by a 23 basis point decrease in the average securities yield. Interest income on other interest-earning assets decreased by $77,000 to $325,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $402,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010 due primarily to a $30.1 million decrease in the average cash balance invested at the Federal Reserve Bank.
Interest and dividend income decreased by $410,000 to $61.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $61.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. In 2010, interest income on loans decreased by $816,000, or 2.3%, to $35.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $35.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The decrease in interest income on loans primarily occurred because of a 20 basis point decrease in the average loan yield to 5.61% for the year ended December 31, 2010 from 5.81% for the year ended December 31, 2009. The decrease in interest income was partially offset by a $7.4 million increase in the average loan balance to $623.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $616.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Interest income on securities grew by $153,000, or 0.6%, to $25.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $25.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The increase in interest income on securities was primarily due to a $37.9 million increase in the average securities balance which was partially offset by a 29 basis point decrease in the average securities yield. Interest income on other interest-earning assets increased by $253,000 to $402,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $149,000 for the year ended December 31, 2009 due to an increase in cash balances invested at the Federal Reserve Bank.
Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased by $3.5 million, or 23.9%, to $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $14.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. Interest expense on deposits decreased by $3.6 million, or 34.9%, to $6.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The decline in interest expense on deposits was primarily caused by a $3.0 million decrease in interest expense on savings accounts. In 2011, the average rate paid on savings accounts decreased by 47 basis points to 0.61%. The decrease in the rate was partially offset by a $55.7 million, or 7.8%, increase in the average balance of savings accounts. We lowered the rates we pay on deposits due to declining market interest rates and increased liquidity from principal repayments on loans and mortgage-backed securities. However, the interest rates on our savings accounts are still higher than market interest rates. Interest expense on Federal Home Loan Bank advances increased by $248,000, or 162.1%, during the year ended December 31, 2011 as we obtained a $10.0 million advance during the three months ended March 31, 2011 to control our interest rate risk. Interest expense on securities sold under agreements to repurchase decreased by $166,000, or 3.9%, because the average interest rate decreased by 41 basis points, or 10.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2011. This was partially offset by a $7.6 million increase in the average outstanding balance to $114.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Interest expense decreased by $5.2 million, or 25.8%, to $14.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $20.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Interest expense on deposits decreased by $3.7 million, or 26.4%, to $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to $14.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The decline in interest expense on deposits was primarily caused by a $3.5 million decrease in interest expense on certificates of deposit. In 2010, the average rate paid
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on certificates of deposit decreased by 67 basis points to 1.14% and we experienced a $108.7 million, or 32.2%, decrease in the average balance of certificates of deposit. Most of the funds from these maturing certificates of deposit were transferred to savings accounts. In 2010, the average balance of savings accounts grew by $204.3 million while the average rate we paid on these accounts decreased by 44 basis points. We lowered the rates we pay on certificates of deposit and savings accounts due to declining market interest rates and increased liquidity from principal repayments on loans and mortgage-backed securities. Interest expense on subordinated debentures and securities sold under agreements to repurchase decreased by $1.5 million, or 26.5%, because the average balance decreased by $40.3 million to $106.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The decrease in the average balance occurred when we paid off $25.0 million of securities sold under agreements to repurchase in the three months ended March 31, 2010 and $24.7 million of subordinated debentures in the three months ended September 30, 2009. Interest expense on Federal Home Loan Bank advances increased by $120,000 during the year ended December 31, 2010 as we obtained a $10.0 million advance during the three months ended June 30, 2010 to control our interest rate risk.
Provision for Loan Losses. Based on our analysis of the factors described in “—Allowance for Loan Losses,” we recorded provisions for loan losses of $418,000, $345,000, and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The provisions for loan losses reflected net charge-offs of $365,000, $538,000 and $416,000 for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The provisions recorded resulted in ratios of the allowance for loan losses to total loans of 0.22%, 0.23% and 0.28% at December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Non-accrual loans totaled $2.9 million, $808,000 and $520,000 at December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, we have provided for all losses that are both probable and reasonable to estimate at December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.
Non-Interest Income. The following table summarizes changes in non-interest income for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.
| Years Ended December 31, | Change 2011/2010 | Change 2010/2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | $ Change | % Change | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service fees on loan and deposit accounts |
$ | 2,284 | $ | 2,401 | $ | 2,611 | $ | (117 | ) | (4.9 | )% | $ | (210 | ) | (8.0 | )% | ||||||||||||
| Income on bank-owned life insurance |
968 | 1,017 | 1,142 | (49 | ) | (4.8 | )% | (125 | ) | (10.9 | )% | |||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of investment securities |
451 | 350 | 266 | 101 | 28.9 | % | 84 | 31.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of loans |
711 | 442 | 1,636 | 269 | 60.9 | % | (1,194 | ) | (73.0 | )% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other-than-temporary impairment losses |
0 | (2,404 | ) | (3,481 | ) | 2,404 | 100.0 | % | 1,077 | 30.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Other |
697 | 322 | 331 | 375 | 116.5 | % | (9 | ) | (2.7 | )% | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Total |
$ | 5,111 | $ | 2,128 | $ | 2,505 | $ | 2,983 | 140.2 | % | $ | (377 | ) | (15.0 | )% | |||||||||||||
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Non-interest income increased by $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. We recognized a $2.4 million loss for other-than-temporary impairment on our investments in trust preferred securities for the year ended 2010. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we did not incur any other-than-temporary impairment loss on our investments. Our investment in trust preferred securities is further discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Other non-interest income increased by $375,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily due to a legal settlement of an insurance claim in the amount of $194,000 during the year ended December 31, 2011 and an increase in financial service commissions of $171,000. We sold $61.2 million of mortgage loans for the year ended December 31, 2011 to reduce our interest rate risk and recognized a gain of $711,000. For the year ended December 31, 2010 we sold $45.1 million of mortgage loans and recognized a gain of $442,000.
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Non-interest income declined by $377,000 to $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. We recognized other-than-temporary impairment losses on trust preferred securities of $2.4 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009. The $3.5 million impairment charge for 2009 includes the $2.5 million that was previously reflected as a charge against income in 2008. Due to revisions in accounting pronouncements, we were required to once again charge income in the amount of $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 for the same security. We sold $45.1 million of mortgage loans for the year ended December 31, 2010 to reduce our interest rate risk and recognized a gain of $442,000. For the year ended December 31, 2009 we sold $85.2 million of mortgage loans and recognized a gain of $1.6 million.
Non-Interest Expense. The following table summarizes changes in non-interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.
| Years Ended December 31, | Change 2011/2010 | Change 2010/2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | $ Change | % Change | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits |
$ | 21,621 | $ | 18,793 | $ | 16,449 | $ | 2,828 | 15.0% | $ | 2,344 | 14.3% | ||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy |
4,988 | 4,719 | 4,492 | 269 | 5.7% | 227 | 5.1% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Equipment |
3,191 | 2,963 | 2,967 | 228 | 7.7% | (4 | ) | (0.1)% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt |
0 | 0 | 507 | 0 | 0.0% | (507 | ) | (100.0)% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal deposit insurance premiums |
865 | 1,195 | 1,747 | (330 | ) | (27.6)% | (552 | ) | (31.6)% | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other general and administrative expenses |
3,989 | 3,860 | 3,383 | 129 | 3.3% | 477 | 14.1% | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Total |
$ | 34,654 | $ | 31,530 | $ | 29,545 | $ | 3,124 | 9.9% | $ | 1,985 | 6.7% | ||||||||||||||||
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Non-interest expense rose by $3.1 million to $34.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $31.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. Salaries and employee benefits increased by $2.8 million to $21.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $18.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase was primarily due to a $2.5 million increase in expenses accrued for the equity incentive plan, which was approved by stockholders in August 2010. Included in the $2.5 million increase is $696,000 of stock benefit plan expenses which the Company recognized when a director passed away and his stock awards vested. In addition, the Company incurred a bank-wide budgeted salary increase of approximately 2.0%, which was effective July 1, 2011, higher cash bonus accruals, a $122,000 increase in payroll taxes and a $70,000 increase in health insurance expenses. These increases for salaries and employee benefits were partially offset by a $445,000 decrease in supplemental executive retirement plan expenses. Federal deposit insurance premium expense declined by $330,000 to $865,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The decrease in federal insurance premium expense is primarily due to a decline in the premium rate.
Non-interest expense rose by $2.0 million to $31.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $29.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Salaries and employee benefits increased by $2.3 million to $18.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $16.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The increase was primarily due to $989,000 of expenses accrued for the equity incentive plan which was approved by stockholders in August 2010, a $244,000 increase in expenses accrued for our employee stock ownership plan, a 2.0% bank-wide budgeted salary increase which was effective July 1, 2010, higher cash bonus accruals, a $106,000 increase in health insurance expenses, a $125,000 increase in payroll taxes and a $232,000 increase in supplemental executive retirement plan expenses. In 2009, we recognized a $507,000 loss on extinguishment of debt when we paid off $24.7 million
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of subordinated debentures and wrote off unamortized costs related to the issuance of these debentures. In 2010, federal deposit insurance premiums decreased by $552,000 primarily as a result of a special one-time premium imposed on all Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured financial institutions in 2009. Other non-interest expense rose by $477,000 to $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The increase in other non-interest expense was primarily due to increases in legal, accounting and insurance expenses associated with being a publicly held company. These include expenses to file SEC reports and to document and test internal controls to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Income Tax Expense. Income taxes were $8.7 million for 2011, reflecting an effective tax rate of 40.5%, $5.5 million for 2010, reflecting an effective tax rate of 33.3%, and $4.6 million for 2009, reflecting an effective tax rate of 34.9%. The effective tax rate in 2011 was higher than the tax rates in 2010 primarily due to a $1.0 million tax refund from the State of Hawaii which was recorded in 2010 as settlement of a tax case involving dividend received deductions. The refund was subject to federal and state income taxes. The amount of income from bank-owned life insurance relative to the lower amounts of income before taxes in 2010 and 2009 also caused the effective tax rates in these years to be lower than the 2011 effective tax rate.
Non-performing and Problem Assets
When a residential mortgage loan or home equity line of credit is 15 days past due, we attempt personal, direct contact with the borrower to determine when payment will be made. On the first day of the following month, we mail a letter reminding the borrower of the delinquency, and will send an additional letter when a loan is 60 days or more past due. If necessary, subsequent late charges are issued and the account will be monitored on a regular basis thereafter. By the 75th day of delinquency, unless the borrower has made arrangements to bring the loan current on its payments, we will refer the loan to legal counsel to commence foreclosure proceedings. Upon the recommendation of our Vice President of Mortgage Loan Servicing, our Senior Vice President of Special Credits can shorten these time frames.
Commercial business loans, commercial real estate loans and consumer loans are generally handled in the same manner as residential mortgage loans or home equity lines of credit. All commercial business loans that are 15 days past due are immediately referred to our senior lending officer. In addition, we generate past due notices and attempt direct contact with a borrower when a consumer loan is 10 days past due. Because of the nature of the collateral securing consumer loans, we may commence collection procedures faster for consumer loans than for residential mortgage loans or home equity lines of credit.
Loans are placed on non-accrual status when payment of principal or interest is more than 90 days delinquent. Loans are also placed on non-accrual status if collection of principal or interest in full is in doubt. When loans are placed on a non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received. The loan may be returned to accrual status if both principal and interest payments are brought current and full payment of principal and interest is expected.
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Non-Performing Assets. The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of our non-performing assets at the dates indicated.
| At December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-accrual loans: |
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| Real estate loans: |
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| First mortgage: |
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| One- to four-family residential |
$ | 2,582 | $ | 801 | $ | 517 | $ | 0 | $ | 99 | ||||||||||
| Multi-family residential |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Construction, commercial and other |
184 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Home equity loans and lines of credit |
158 | 0 | 0 | 149 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Other loans |
3 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
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| Total non-accrual loans |
2,927 | 808 | 520 | 149 | 106 | |||||||||||||||
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| Real estate owned: |
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| Real estate loans: |
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| First mortgage: |
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| One- to four-family residential |
408 | 0 | 159 | 131 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Multi-family residential |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Construction, commercial and other |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Home equity loans and lines of credit |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Other loans |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
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| Total real estate owned |
408 | 0 | 159 | 131 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
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| Total non-performing assets |
3,335 | 808 | 679 | 280 | 106 | |||||||||||||||
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| Loans delinquent 90 days or greater and still accruing interest |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
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| Restructured loans still accruing interest: |
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| Real estate loans: |
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| First mortgage: |
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| One- to four-family residential |
2,345 | 2,600 | 2,724 | 309 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Multi-family residential |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Construction, commercial and other |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Home equity loans and lines of credit |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Other loans |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
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| Total restructured loans still accruing interest |
2,345 | 2,600 | 2,724 | 309 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
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| Total non-performing assets, accruing loans delinquent for 90 days or more and restructured loans still accruing interest |
$ | 5,680 | $ | 3,408 | $ | 3,403 | $ | 589 | $ | 106 | ||||||||||
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| Ratios: |
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| Non-performing loans to total loans |
0.42 | % | 0.12 | % | 0.09 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | ||||||||||
| Non-performing assets to total assets |
0.22 | % | 0.06 | % | 0.05 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.01 | % | ||||||||||
For the year ended December 31, 2011, gross interest income that would have been recorded had our non-accruing loans been current in accordance with their original terms was $95,000. We recognized $12,000 of interest income on such non-accruing loans on a cash basis during the year.
The Company had 11 troubled debt restructurings totaling $2.9 million as of December 31, 2011 and considered to be impaired. There were ten one- to four-family residential mortgage loans totaling
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$2.8 million and one home equity loan for $158,000. Eight of the loans, totaling $2.3 million, are performing in accordance with their restructured terms and accruing interest at December 31, 2011. Two of the loans, totaling $344,000, are performing in accordance with their restructured terms but not accruing interest as of December 31, 2011. One of the loans, for $248,000, is 59 days delinquent and not accruing interest as of December 31, 2011. For the year ended December 31, 2011, we would have recorded $4,000 of gross interest income on our non-accruing troubled debt restructurings had we been accruing interest on these loans. We recognized $3,000 of interest income on such non-accruing troubled debt restructurings on a cash basis during the year. There were nine restructured one- to four-family residential mortgage loans totaling $2.6 million as of December 31, 2010, which were considered to be impaired. All of the loans are performing in accordance with their restructured terms and accruing interest at December 31, 2010. Restructurings include deferrals of interest and/or principal payments and temporary or permanent reductions in interest rates due to the financial difficulties of the borrowers.
We also make modifications that we do not consider to be troubled debt restructurings. At December 31, 2011, we had nine such modified loans totaling $2.6 million where we permitted the borrowers to make only interest and escrow payments for a period of time. At December 31, 2010, we had five such modified loans totaling $1.5 million. The loan payments on these modified loans are re-amortized at the end of the loan modification period.
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Delinquent Loans. The following table sets forth our loan delinquencies by type and by amount at the dates indicated.
| Loans Delinquent For | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60-89 Days | 90 Days and Over | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | Amount | Number | Amount | Number | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2011 |
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| Real estate loans: |
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| First mortgage: |
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| One- to four-family residential |
0 | $ | 0 | 7 | $ | 2,148 | 7 | $ | 2,148 | |||||||||||||||
| Multi-family residential |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Construction, commercial and other |
0 | 0 | 1 | 184 | 1 | 184 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity loans and lines of credit |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other loans |
0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Total loans |
0 | $ | 0 | 9 | $ | 2,335 | 9 | $ | 2,335 | |||||||||||||||
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| At December 31, 2010 |
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| Real estate loans: |
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| First mortgage: |
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| One- to four-family residential |
0 | $ | 0 | 5 | $ | 801 | 5 | $ | 801 | |||||||||||||||
| Multi-family residential |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Construction, commercial and other |
0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity loans and lines of credit |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other loans |
3 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||
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