Edgar Filing: ARRAY BIOPHARMA INC

Document

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-K

[ü] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017

[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

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Commission File Number: 001-16633

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Array BioPharma Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware	84-1460811
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, CO	80301
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (303) 381-6600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ Global Market)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ¨ Yes þ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. ¨ Yes þ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. þ Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). þ Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large Accelerated Filer þ	Accelerated Filer ¨	Non-Accelerated Filer ¨	Smaller Reporting Company ¨
		(do not check if smaller reporting company)	Emerging Growth Company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes þ No

The aggregate market value of the voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of 12/31/16, was $1,448,653,943, based on the closing sale price of the registrant's common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market on such date. Shares of the registrant's common stock held by each executive officer and director have been excluded for purposes of this calculation. This number is provided only for purposes of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and does not represent an admission that any particular person or entity is an affiliate of the registrant.

As of August 4, 2017, the registrant had 171,442,290 shares of common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Registrant's 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ARRAY BIOPHARMA INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

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		Page
	PART I
Item 1.	Business	4
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	33
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	55
Item 2.	Properties	55
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	55
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	55
	PART II
Item 5.	Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	55
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	57
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	58
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	71
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	72
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	72
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	72
Item 9B.	Other Information	73
	PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	73
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	73
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	73
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence	73
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	74
	PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	74
	SIGNATURES	76

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PART I

Array BioPharma Inc. and the Array BioPharma Inc. logo are trademarks of Array BioPharma Inc. All other brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this report to "Array," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Array BioPharma Inc.

Our fiscal year ends on June 30. When we refer to a fiscal year or quarter, we are referring to the year in which the fiscal year ends and the quarters during that fiscal year. Therefore, fiscal 2017 refers to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report filed on Form 10-K and other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve significant risks and uncertainties. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements in our press releases or in other oral or written communications with the public. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the future drug development plans and projected timelines for the initiation and completion of preclinical and clinical trials by Array or our partners; the potential for the results of ongoing preclinical or clinical trials conducted by Array or our partners to support regulatory approval or the marketing success of drug candidates; our plans with respect to the timing and scope of the expansion of our clinical and commercialization capabilities; other statements regarding our future product development and regulatory strategies, including with respect to specific indications; the ability of third-party contract manufacturing parties to support our drug development activities; any statements regarding our future financial performance, results of operations or sufficiency of capital resources to fund our operating requirements; and any other statements which are other than statements of historical fact.

Although we believe the assumptions upon which our forward-looking statements are based currently are reasonable, our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, our ability to continue to fund and successfully progress internal research and development efforts and to create effective, commercially-viable drugs; our ability to effectively and timely conduct clinical trials in light of increasing costs and difficulties in locating appropriate trial sites and in enrolling patients who meet the criteria for certain clinical trials; the extent to which the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are willing to in-license drug candidates for their product pipelines and to collaborate with and fund third parties on their drug discovery activities; our ability to out-license our proprietary candidates on favorable terms; risks associated with our dependence on our partners for the clinical development and commercialization of our out-licensed drug candidates; the ability of our partners and of Array to meet objectives tied to milestones and royalties; our ability to attract and retain experienced scientists and management; our ability to achieve and maintain profitability; and the risk factors set forth below under the caption "Item 1A. Risk Factors." We are providing this information as of the date of this report. We undertake no duty to update any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of events or circumstances after the date of such statements or of anticipated or unanticipated events that alter any assumptions underlying such statements.

Market and Industry Data

Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K concerning the cancer market, the drug market and our other markets, including our general expectations and market position, market opportunity and market share, is based on information from independent industry analysts and third-party sources and management estimates. Management estimates are derived from publicly-available information released by independent industry analysts and third-party sources, as well as data from our internal research, and are based on assumptions made by us based on such data and our knowledge of such industry and markets, which we believe to be reasonable.

We have not independently verified or verified with any independent source any third-party information and cannot assure you of its accuracy or completeness. In addition, while we believe the market position, market opportunity and market share information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is generally reliable, such information is inherently imprecise. Such data involves risks and uncertainties and is subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading "Item 1A. Risk Factors."

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Our Business

Array BioPharma Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of targeted small molecule drugs to treat patients afflicted with cancer. Nine registration studies are currently advancing related to eight Array-owned or partnered drugs: binimetinib (MEK162), encorafenib (LGX818), selumetinib (partnered with AstraZeneca), danoprevir (partnered with Roche), ipatasertib (partnered with Genentech), larotrectinib (partnered with Loxo Oncology), tucatinib (partnered with Cascadian Therapeutics) and varlitinib (partnered with Aslan Pharmaceuticals).

Our most significant clinical stage drugs include:



Drug Candidate	Target/Indication	Partner	Clinical Status
Binimetinib	MEK inhibitor for cancer	Pierre Fabre Medicament SAS and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	Phase 3 / NDA
Encorafenib	BRAF inhibitor for cancer	Pierre Fabre Medicament SAS and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	Phase 3 / NDA
Selumetinib	MEK inhibitor for cancer	AstraZeneca, PLC	Phase 3
ASC08/Danoprevir	Protease inhibitor for Hepatitis C virus	Roche Holding AG	Phase 3 / NDA
Ipatasertib/GDC-0068	AKT inhibitor for cancer	Genentech, Inc.	Phase 3
Larotrectinib/LOXO-101	PanTrk inhibitor for cancer	Loxo Oncology, Inc.	Phase 2 / Registration Trial
Tucatinib/ONT-380	HER2 inhibitor for breast cancer	Cascadian Therapeutics, Inc.	Phase 2 / Registration Trial
Varlitinib/ASLAN001	Pan-HER2 inhibitor for gastric or breast cancer	ASLAN Pharmaceuticals Pte Ltd.	Phase 2 / Registration Trial
ARRY-797	p38 inhibitor for Lamin A/C-related dilated cardiomyopathy		Phase 2
Motolimod/VTX-2337	Toll-like receptor for cancer	Celgene Corp. / VentiRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Phase 2
Prexasertib/LY2606368	CHK-1 inhibitor for cancer	Eli Lilly and Company	Phase 2
ARRY-382	CSF1R inhibitor for cancer		Phase 1 / 2
GDC-0575	CHK-1 inhibitor for cancer	Genentech, Inc.	Phase 1b
LOXO-292	RET inhibitor for cancer	Loxo Oncology, Inc.	Phase 1
LOXO-195	NTRK inhibitor for cancer	Loxo Oncology, Inc.	Phase 1

Binimetinib and Encorafenib

In March 2015, we regained development and commercialization rights to binimetinib, a MEK inhibitor, under the Termination and Asset Transfer Agreement with Novartis Pharma AG and Novartis Pharmaceutical Ltd. and to encorafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, under the Asset Transfer Agreement with Novartis Pharma AG (which we collectively refer to as the “Novartis Agreements”). Along with global ownership of both assets, Array received an upfront payment of $85.0 million from Novartis. We believe these programs present significant opportunity to Array in the area of oncology.

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Binimetinib and encorafenib are currently being studied in Phase 3 trials in advanced cancer patients, including the COLUMBUS trial studying encorafenib in combination with binimetinib in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma and the BEACON CRC trial studying encorafenib in combination with binimetinib and cetuximab in patients with BRAF V600E-mutant CRC ("BRAFm CRC"). On July 5, 2017, we announced the submission of two NDAs to the FDA to support use of the combination of binimetinib 45 mg twice daily and encorafenib 450 mg once daily (COMBO450) for the treatment of patients with BRAF-mutant advanced, unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Binimetinib and encorafenib are investigational medicines and are not currently approved in any country.

Novartis continues to substantially fund all ongoing trials with binimetinib and encorafenib that were active or planned as of the close of the Novartis Agreements in 2015, including the COLUMBUS Phase 3 trial. Reimbursement revenue from Novartis was approximately $107.2 million for the previous 12 months.

We have also entered into agreements with Pierre Fabre Medicament SAS, (or "Pierre Fabre" or "PFM") and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (or "Ono") related to the binimetinib and encorafenib programs.

PIERRE FABRE AGREEMENT

On November 10, 2015, we entered into a Development and Commercialization Agreement ("the PF Agreement") with Pierre Fabre pursuant to which we granted Pierre Fabre rights to commercialize binimetinib and encorafenib in all countries except for the United States, Canada, Japan, Korea and Israel. The PF Agreement satisfies our commitment to secure a development and commercialization partner for the European market for both encorafenib and binimetinib acceptable to European Commission regulatory agencies made in connection with the Novartis Agreements.

The PF Agreement closed in December 2015. All clinical trials involving binimetinib and encorafenib that were ongoing or planned at the Effective Date, including the NEMO and COLUMBUS trials and other then-ongoing Novartis sponsored and investigator sponsored clinical studies, continue to be conducted pursuant to the terms of the Novartis Agreements. Further worldwide development activities will be governed by a Global Development Plan (GDP) with Pierre Fabre. Pierre Fabre and Array will jointly fund worldwide development costs under the GDP, with Array covering 60% and Pierre Fabre covering 40% of such costs. The initial GDP includes multiple trials, including the BEACON CRC trial, and Pierre Fabre and Array have agreed to commit at least €100 million in combined funds for these studies in colorectal cancer (CRC) and melanoma.

Pierre Fabre is responsible for seeking regulatory and pricing and reimbursement approvals in the European Economic Area and its other licensed territories. The companies will also enter into a clinical and commercial supply agreement pursuant to which we will supply or procure the supply of clinical and commercial supplies of drug substance and drug product for Pierre Fabre, the costs of which will be borne by Pierre Fabre. We have also agreed to cooperate with Pierre Fabre to ensure the supply of companion diagnostics for use with binimetinib and encorafenib in certain indications.

Each party has also agreed not to distribute, sell or promote competing products in each party’s respective markets during a period of exclusivity. Each party has also agreed to indemnify the other party from certain liabilities specified in the Agreement.

In connection with the PF Agreement, Array received $30.0 million as a non-refundable up-front payment during the year ended June 30, 2016. The PF Agreement contains substantive potential milestone payments of up to $35.0 million for achievement of three regulatory milestones relating to European Commission marketing approvals for three specified indications and of up to $390.0 million for achievement of seven commercialization milestones if certain net sales amounts are achieved for any licensed indications. We are also entitled to double-digit royalties based on net sales under the agreement.

ONO AGREEMENT

Effective May 31, 2017, we entered into a License, Development and Commercialization Agreement (the “Ono Agreement”) with Ono, a company duly organized and existing under the laws of Japan, pursuant to which we granted Ono exclusive rights to commercialize binimetinib and encorafenib, in Japan and the Republic of Korea (the “Ono Territory”), along with the right to develop these products in the Ono Territory. We retain all rights outside the Ono

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Territory, as well as the right to conduct development and manufacturing activities in the Ono Territory, except for rights we have granted to Pierre Fabre under the PF Agreement.

Under the terms of the Ono Agreement, we received a non-refundable upfront cash payment of ¥3.5 billion, or $31.2 million. We retain all rights to conduct, either itself or through third parties, all clinical studies and file related regulatory filings with respect to binimetinib and encorafenib and to develop, manufacture and commercialize binimetinib and encorafenib outside the Ono Territory (subject to rights Array has granted to Pierre Fabre Medicament in certain countries). We are entitled to receive up to ¥1.8 billion in milestone payments from Ono if certain development goals are achieved, ¥5.0 billion in milestone payments from Ono if certain regulatory milestones are achieved, and ¥10.5 billion in milestone payments from Ono if certain sales milestones are achieved. A portion of these milestones represent Ono’s co-funding obligation as part of Ono’s participation in the Phase 3 BEACON CRC trial. We are further eligible for tiered double-digit royalties on annual net sales of binimetinib and encorafenib in the Ono Territory, starting at 22% for annual net sales under ¥10.0 billion and increasing to 25% for annual net sales in excess of ¥10.0 billion subject to certain adjustments. As of June 30, 2017, ¥1.0 billion was the equivalent of approximately $8.9 million.

All ongoing clinical trials involving binimetinib and encorafenib, including the BEACON CRC and COLUMBUS trials, continue as planned as of the effective date of the agreement, and Ono is entitled to the data derived from such studies. As part of the agreement, Ono obtained the right to participate in any future global development of binimetinib and encorafenib by contributing 12% of those future costs. Ono is responsible for seeking, and for any development of binimetinib and encorafenib specifically necessary to obtain, regulatory and marketing approvals for products in the Ono Territory. We will furnish clinical supplies of drug substance to Ono for use in Ono’s development efforts, and Ono may elect to have us provide commercial supplies of drug product to Ono pursuant to a commercial supply agreement to be entered into by us and Ono, in each case the costs of which will be borne by Ono. We have also agreed to discuss and agree on a strategy with Ono to ensure the supply to Ono of companion diagnostics for use with binimetinib and encorafenib in certain indications in the Ono Territory.

Each party has also agreed not to distribute, sell or promote competing MEK or RAF products in the Ono Territory during the term of the Ono Agreement. Each party has also agreed to indemnify the other party from customary matters specified in the Ono Agreement.

The Ono Agreement will continue in effect on a product-by-product, country-by-country basis for a period that expires ten years after the later of expiration of patent protection or marketing exclusivity for the applicable product. The Ono Agreement may be terminated by either party for breach of the Agreement by the other party, in the event of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the other party, by Ono with 180 days’ prior notice after the fifth year after first commercial sale of either binimetinib or encorafenib in the Ono Territory, or by Ono on a product-by-product basis for certain safety reasons.

COLUMBUS

COLUMBUS is a global Phase 3 study comparing binimetinib and encorafenib versus vemurafenib being conducted in BRAF-mutant melanoma patients.

On July 5, 2017, we announced the submission of two NDAs to the FDA to support use of the combination of binimetinib 45 mg twice daily and encorafenib 450 mg once daily (COMBO450) for the treatment of patients with BRAF-mutant advanced, unresectable or metastatic melanoma. In addition, Array’s European partner, Pierre Fabre, filed the MAAs for binimetininb and encorafenib with the EMA in July 2017. The submissions are supported by data from the pivotal Phase 3 COLUMBUS study, which showed that patients who received binimetinib and encorafenib had a significantly longer progression free survival (or "PFS") compared to patients receiving vemurafenib.

As presented at the 2016 Society for Melanoma Research Annual Congress, results from Part 1 of the COLUMBUS study showed that COMBO450 significantly extend PFS in patients with advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma, with a PFS of 14.9 months compared with 7.3 months observed with vemurafenib [hazard ratio (HR) 0.54, (95% CI 0.41-0.71, P<0.001)]. As part of the trial design, the primary analysis was based on a Blinded Independent Central Review (or "BICR") of patient scans, while results by local review at the investigative site were also analyzed. The table below

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outlines the median PFS (or "mPFS") results, as determined by both assessments, for COMBO450 versus vemurafenib, COMBO450 versus encorafenib, and encorafenib versus vemurafenib:



	mPFS BICR		mPFS Local Review
COMBO450 vs. Vemurafenib	COMBO450	Vemurafenib	COMBO450	Vemurafenib
	14.9 months	7.3 months	14.8 months	7.3 months
	HR (95% CI): 0.54 (0.41-0.71); P<0.001		HR (95% CI): 0.49 (0.37-0.64); P<0.001

COMBO450 vs. Encorafenib	COMBO450	Encorafenib	COMBO450	Encorafenib
	14.9 months	9.6 months	14.8 months	9.2 months
	HR (95% CI): 0.75 (0.56-1.00); P=0.051		HR (95% CI): 0.68 (0.52-0.90); P=0.006

Encorafenib vs. Vemurafenib	Encorafenib	Vemurafenib	Encorafenib	Vemurafenib
	9.6 months	7.3 months	9.2 months	7.3 months
	HR (95% CI): 0.68 (0.52-0.90); P=0.007		HR (95% CI): 0.70 (0.54-0.91); P=0.008

In this study, COMBO450 was generally well-tolerated, with a median duration of treatment of 51 weeks and median relative dose intensity for encorafenib and binimetinib of 100% and 99.6%, respectively. Grade 3/4 adverse events (or "AEs") that occurred in more than 5% of patients receiving COMBO450 were increased gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (9%), increased blood creatine phosphokinase (CK) (7%) and hypertension (6%). The incidence of selected any grade AEs of special interest, defined based on toxicities commonly associated with commercially available MEK+BRAF-inhibitor treatments for patients receiving COMBO450 included: rash (23%), pyrexia (18%), retinal pigment epithelial detachment (13%) and photosensitivity (5%). Full safety results of COLUMBUS Part 1 were presented at the 2016 Society for Melanoma Research Annual Congress.

COLUMBUS Part 2 was designed specifically to assess the contribution of binimetinib to the combination of binimetinib and encorafenib by reducing the dose of encorafenib to 300mg in the combination arm to allow for a comparison of equal doses across arms. In COLUMBUS Part 2, the primary analysis compared PFS in patients treated with binimetinib 45mg twice daily plus encorafenib 300mg daily (COMBO300) to patients treated with encorafenib 300mg daily as a single agent. Top-line results showed the mPFS for patients treated with COMBO300 was 12.9 months compared to 9.2 months for patients treated with single agent encorafenib, with HR of 0.77 [95% CI 0.61-0.97, p=0.029]. COMBO300 was generally well-tolerated and reported dose intensity and AEs were consistent with COMBO450 results in COLUMBUS Part 1. Further results from COLUMBUS Part 2 will be presented at the ESMO Congress in September 2017 in Madrid, Spain (2017 ESMO).

BEACON CRC

BEACON CRC is a global Phase 3 trial of encorafenib and Erbitux® (cetuximab), with or without binimetinib, versus standard of care in patients with BRAF-mutant CRC who have previously received first-or second-line systemic therapy. Based on the attractive safety profile and with early encouraging clinical activity observed in the safety lead-in, the randomized portion of the trial was initiated. Data from the safety lead-in will be presented at 2017 ESMO.

The BEACON CRC trial was initiated based on results from a Phase 2 study including the combination of encorafenib and cetuximab in patients with advanced BRAF-mutant CRC, which were presented at the 2016 ASCO annual meeting. In this study median Overall Survival (or "OS") for these patients exceeded one year, which is more than double several separate historical standard of care published benchmarks for this population.

The primary endpoint of BEACON CRC trial is OS of the triplet therapy compared to the control arm. The secondary endpoints address efficacy of the doublet therapy compared to the control arm, and the triplet therapy compared to the doublet therapy. Other secondary endpoints include PFS, Objective Response Rate (or "ORR"), duration of response, safety and tolerability. Health related quality of life data will also be assessed. The trial will be conducted at over 250 investigational sites in North America, South America, Europe and the Asia Pacific region. Patient enrollment is expected to be completed in 2018.

Array is the global sponsor of the study. Pursuant to the PF Agreement with Pierre Fabre, Pierre Fabre has elected to co-fund 40% of the cost of the BEACON CRC trial. Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, is the owner of Erbitux

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outside the United States and Canada, and will supply Erbitux to all trial sites outside the United States and Canada as part of the collaboration. If successful, results would support regulatory submissions for all three parties as well as Ono.

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer among men and third most common cancer among women in the United States, with more than 135,000 new cases and more than 50,000 deaths from the disease projected in 2017. In the United States, BRAF mutations occur in 10 to 15 percent of patients with colorectal cancer and represent a poor prognosis for these patients.

BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COLLABORATION

We entered into a clinical research collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb in May 2017 to investigate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of binimetinib in combination with Bristol-Myers Squibb's Opdivo (nivolumab) and Opdivo + Yervoy (ipilimumab) regimen as a potential treatment for metastatic CRC in patients with microsatellite stable tumors.

The Phase 1/2 study is expected to establish recommended dose regimens for further study and explore the preliminary anti-tumor activity of combining binimetinib with Opdivo, as well as binimetinib in combination with the Opdivo + Yervoy regimen. Results from this first study, which are anticipated to begin in the second half of 2017, will be used to determine optimal approaches to further clinical development of these combinations.

Under the terms of the agreement, Array and Bristol-Myers Squibb will jointly support the study with Array acting as the sponsor.

MERCK COLLABORATION

We entered into a clinical trial collaboration agreement with Merck in May 2017 to investigate the safety and efficacy of binimetinib with Merck's anti-PD-1 therapy, KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab), in metastatic CRC patients with microsatellite stable tumors. The companies entered into this collaboration based on the growing body of preclinical and clinical evidence that the immune activity of an anti-PD-1 therapy, such as KEYTRUDA, can be enhanced when combined with a MEK inhibitor, such as binimetinib.

Under the agreement, Array and Merck will collaborate on a clinical trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of the combination of binimetinib with KEYTRUDA, in CRC patients with microsatellite stable tumors. The trial is expected to establish a recommended dose regimen of binimetinib and KEYTRUDA, as well as explore the preliminary anti-tumor activity of several novel regimens. The study is expected to begin in the second half of 2017. Results from this first study will be used to determine optimal approaches to further clinical development of these combinations.

Merck will act as the sponsor of this clinical trial, and Array will supply Merck with binimetinib for use in the trial. This agreement does not include a non-competition provision that generally prohibits Merck or Array from entering into agreements with third parties to perform other clinical studies.

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NEMO

The NEMO trial was a Phase 3 study that compared binimetinib to dacarbazine in NRAS-mutant melanoma patients. In March 2017, we announced our decision to withdraw from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (or the "FDA") Division of Oncology Products 2 our new drug application (or "NDA") for binimetinib monotherapy for the treatment of NRAS-mutant melanoma, a rare, mutationally-driven subset of skin cancer. This action was based on thorough discussions and communications with the FDA, including exploration of various paths to approval, and followed the late cycle review meeting held with the FDA on Friday, March 17, 2017. Based on feedback from the agency, Array concluded that the clinical benefit demonstrated in the Phase 3 NEMO clinical trial would not be found sufficient to support approval of the NRAS-mutant melanoma NDA. The Marketing Authorization Applications for binimetinib in NRAS-mutant melanoma filed by Pierre Fabre in Europe and Australia remain active at this time.

ARRY-382

We are advancing a Phase 1/2 immuno-oncology trial of ARRY-382 in combination with pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), a Programmed Cell Death Receptor 1 (PD-1) antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors. ARRY-382 is a wholly-owned, highly selective and potent, small molecule inhibitor of CSF-1R kinase activity. Our current plans to expand development of ARRY-382 include treatment for patients with melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer.

ARRY-797

Based on data to date from a Phase 2 study of ARRY-797, an oral, selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, in patients with LMNA-related DCM a rare, degenerative cardiovascular disease caused by mutations in the LMNA gene and characterized by poor prognosis. Array plans to initiate a Phase 3 trial of ARRY-797 later in 2017 as we evaluate options regarding the asset, including advancing it internally, partnering the program for further development and commercialization or creating a separate company.

Preclinical Drug Discovery Programs

We also have a portfolio of proprietary and partnered preclinical drug discovery programs, including collaborations with Amgen, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Loxo Oncology and Mirati Therapeutics, Inc.

In June 2017, we initiated a collaboration agreement with Amgen for the discovery and development of novel drugs for autoimmune disorders. The undisclosed target and lead inhibitors were discovered using Array's proprietary Kinase-Directed Phenotypic Screening Platform that leverages Array's deep expertise in chemistry and early lead development. Under the terms of the agreement, Amgen and Array will collaborate on preclinical development with Array leading the medicinal chemistry work. Amgen is responsible for clinical development and commercialization. In exchange for exclusive rights to Array’s preclinical program, Amgen will make upfront and milestone payments, as well as pay royalties on sales of resulting therapies.

In October 2014, we initiated an agreement with Mirati Therapeutics, Inc. whereby Array conducted a feasibility program for Mirati related to a particular target in exchange for an up-front payment of $1.6 million. In September 2015, Mirati exercised an option to extend the feasibility program for six months, for which Array received a $750 thousand option extension fee. During April 2016, Mirati elected to exercise an option to take an exclusive, worldwide license to an active compound under the agreement and Array received $2.5 million and will receive additional fees as reimbursement for research and development services. In June 2017, Array and Mirati entered into a second agreement related to a different target in exchange for an up-front payment of $2.0 million million that was received in June 2017.

Any information we report about the development plans or the progress or results of clinical trials or other development activities of our partners is based on information that is publicly disclosed.

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Our significant clinical stage partners include:


•	ASLAN – We entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with ASLAN in July 2011 to develop Array's pan-HER inhibitor, varlitinib. According to ASLAN, varlitinib is currently in Phase 1 and 2 / registration clinical trials in patients with biliary tract cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer or cholangiocarcinoma.


•	AstraZeneca – In December 2003, we entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with AstraZeneca under which AstraZeneca received a license to three of our MEK inhibitors for cancer, including selumetinib, which is currently in numerous clinical trials, including two registration trials.

•

Cascadian Therapeutics – We entered into a Development and Commercialization Agreement with Cascadian Therapeutics in May 2013, to collaborate on the development and commercialization of tucatinib, an orally active, reversible and selective small-molecule HER2 inhibitor, for the treatment of cancer, including breast cancer. In December 2014, we granted Cascadian Therapeutics an exclusive license to develop, manufacture and commercialize tucatinib. The License Agreement replaces the 2013 agreement. Cascadian Therapeutics is continuing development of tucatinib in a defined set of proof-of-concept trials and a registration trial in patients with metastatic breast cancer, including patients with brain metastases.

•

Genentech – We entered into a worldwide strategic Drug Discovery Collaboration Agreement with Genentech in January 2003, which was expanded in 2005, 2008, and 2009, and is focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of novel therapeutics. The most advanced drug is ipatasertib, an AKT inhibitor for cancer, which is currently in Phase 3 . We also entered into a License Agreement with Genentech in August 2011 for the development of each company's small molecule CHK-1 program in oncology. The program included Genentech's compound GDC-0425 (RG7602) and Array's compound GDC-0575 (previously known as ARRY-575). Genentech selected GDC-0575 to advance into further clinical trials in patients with cancer.

•

Loxo – We entered into a Drug Discovery Collaboration Agreement with Loxo in July 2013 and granted Loxo exclusive rights to develop and commercialize certain Array-invented compounds targeted at the tropomyosin kinase, or Trk, family of receptors, including larotrectinib, which is currently in a Phase 2/registration clinical trial. Loxo is also advancing Array-invented LOXO-195, a Trk inhibitor, and LOXO-292, a Ret inhibitor, in Phase 1 trials.

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Roche Holding AG – We entered into a Drug Discovery Collaboration Agreement with InterMune in 2002, which resulted in the joint discovery of ASC08 / danoprevir, a novel small molecule inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A protease. Roche Holding AG acquired ASC08 from InterMune in 2010 and partnered with Ascletis in 2013 to advance the program in greater China. In December 2016, Ascletis filed an NDA for ASC08 with the China Food and Drug Administration and received priority review in March 2017.


•	VentiRx (now owned by Celgene) – We entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with VentiRx, Inc. in February 2007 and granted VentiRx exclusive worldwide rights to certain molecules from our Toll-Like Receptor, or TLR, program, including motolimod, which is currently in Phase 2 clinical trials. In February 2017, Celgene acquired VentiRx and the motolimod program.

Business History

We have received a total of $1.0 billion in research funding and in up-front and milestone payments from partners from inception through June 30, 2017, including $292.0 million in initial payments from strategic agreements we entered into over the last ten years. We received an up-front cash payment of $85.0 million upon the March 2015 effective date of the asset transfer agreement with Novartis for binimetinib and of $30.0 million in January 2016 from Pierre Fabre and $31.2 million in June 2017 from Ono. Our existing partnered programs entitle Array to receive a total of over $2.7 billion in additional milestone payments if we or our partners achieve the drug discovery, development and commercialization objectives detailed in those agreements. We also have the potential to earn royalties on any resulting product sales or share in the proceeds from licensing or commercialization from 17 partnered clinical and discovery programs. The potential milestones we are entitled to receive are further described in Note 5 – Collaboration and Other Agreements to our financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Our Strategy

We are building a fully-integrated, commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops and anticipates marketing small molecule drugs to treat patients afflicted with cancer. We intend to accomplish this through the following strategies:


•	Invent targeted small molecule drugs that are either first-in-class or second generation drugs that have little or no competition, or demonstrate a competitive advantage over drugs currently on the market or in clinical development.


•	Develop and commercialize our drugs to maximize their overall value. As our first drug nears approval, we plan to build a therapeutically-focused sales force to commercialize or co-promote drugs we wholly own, or for which we retain development rights in major geographic areas.


•	Implement a partnering strategy in which we out-license drugs outside our therapeutic or geographic focus and partner select early-stage programs for continued research and development in exchange for research funding plus significant milestone payments and royalties.

Our out-license and collaboration agreements typically provide for up-front payments, research funding, success-based milestone payments and/or royalties on product sales. These agreements may also be structured to share in the proceeds received from a collaborator resulting from the further development or commercialization of resulting drugs.

Drug Discovery and Clinical Development Programs

We have collaborations with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies under which we have out-licensed certain proprietary drug programs for further research, development and commercialization. Our largest or most advanced clinical stage collaborations currently include our agreements with ASLAN, AstraZeneca, Cascadian Therapeutics, Genentech, Loxo, InterMune/Roche, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pierre Fabre and Celgene. Under our current partnered programs, our involvement in the development or research phase has ended, but we retain the right to receive clinical, regulatory and commercialization milestones and/or royalties on sales of any products covered by the collaboration. We also have research collaborations with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for which we design, create and optimize drug candidates and conduct preclinical testing across a broad range of therapeutic areas on targets selected by our partners. In certain of these collaborations, we also perform process research and development and clinical development.

Information about our partners that comprise 10% or more of our total revenue and information about revenue we receive within and outside the U.S. can be found in Note 1 – Overview, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Concentration of Business Risks to the accompanying audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Partnered Development Programs

Below are summaries of our most advanced, ongoing partnered development programs. Any information we report about the development plans or the progress or results of clinical trials or other development activities of our partners is based on information that has been reported to us or is otherwise publicly disclosed by our collaboration partners, and therefore may not reflect changes to any information that may have occurred since the date it was reported to us or of its public disclosure.

1. ASLAN — Varlitinib Pan-HER Program

In July 2011, we entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with ASLAN to develop Array's pan-HER inhibitor, varlitinib/ASLAN001/ARRY-543, which is currently in Phase 1 and 2 / registration studies in patients with biliary tract cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer or cholangiocarcinoma in Asia. Under the agreement, ASLAN is funding and developing Varlitinib through clinical proof-of-concept. Upon achievement of proof-of-concept, ASLAN will identify a global partner for Phase 3 development and commercialization. Array will share a significant portion of the proceeds of such partnering transaction.

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The agreement with ASLAN will remain in effect for two years after conclusion of the initial development plan, unless ASLAN has entered into a license agreement with a third party for the further development and commercialization of the program, in which case the agreement shall remain in force and effect. Either party may terminate the agreement prior to expiration of the term following breach of the agreement by the other party. ASLAN is responsible for diligently advancing development of varlitinib under an agreed-upon development plan.

2. AstraZeneca — Selumetinib — MEK Program

In December 2003, we entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with AstraZeneca to develop our MEK program. Under the agreement, AstraZeneca acquired exclusive worldwide rights to our clinical development candidate, selumetinib (previously known as AZD6244, or ARRY-142886), together with two other compounds for oncology indications which we invented during the collaboration for oncology indications. AstraZeneca continues to advance selumetinib in two registration trials: a registration trial in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and the ASTRA trial in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. AstraZeneca estimates top-line results from both trials in 2018.

We retained the rights to all therapeutic indications for MEK compounds not selected by AstraZeneca for development, subject to the parties' agreement to work exclusively together. In April 2009, the exclusivity of the parties' relationship ended, and both companies are now free to independently research, develop and commercialize small molecule MEK inhibitors in the field of oncology. Our research obligations ended in 2004 and AstraZeneca is responsible for all future development and commercialization of the compounds under the collaboration. To date, we have earned $26.5 million in up-front and milestone payments. The agreement also provided for research funding, which is now complete, and provides potential additional development milestone payments of approximately $30 million specific for selumetinib and royalties on product sales.

3. Cascadian Therapeutics — Tucatinib/ONT-380/ARRY-380 — HER2 Inhibitor Program

In May 2013, we entered into a Development and Commercialization Agreement with Cascadian Therapeutics (formerly Oncothyreon Inc.) to collaborate on the development and commercialization of tucatinib, an orally active, reversible and selective small-molecule HER2 inhibitor, for the treatment of cancer, including breast cancer, currently in Phase 2. Under the terms of the agreement, Cascadian Therapeutics paid Array a one-time up-front fee of $10 million.

In December 2014, we granted Cascadian Therapeutics an exclusive license to develop, manufacture and commercialize tucatinib pursuant to a License Agreement that replaced the 2013 agreement. As part of the License Agreement, Cascadian Therapeutics paid Array $20 million as an up-front fee. In addition, Cascadian Therapeutics will pay Array a material percentage of any payments received from sublicensing tucatinib rights. If Cascadian Therapeutics is acquired within three years of the effective date of the License Agreement, Array will be eligible for up to $280 million in commercial and other milestone payments. Array is also entitled to receive up to a double-digit royalty based on net sales of tucatinib.

The License Agreement will expire on a country-by-country basis on the later of 10 years following the first commercial sale of the product in each respective country or expiration of the last to expire patent covering the product in such country, but may be terminated earlier by either party upon material breach of the License Agreement by the other party or the other party’s insolvency, or by Cascadian Therapeutics on 180 days' notice to Array. Cascadian Therapeutics and Array have also agreed to indemnify the other party in specified circumstances.

4. Genentech — Ipatasertib

We entered into a Drug Discovery Collaboration Agreement with Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, in December 2003 to develop small molecule drugs against multiple therapeutic targets in the field of oncology. We initiated this collaboration to advance two of our proprietary oncology programs into clinical development. These programs included small molecule leads we had developed along with additional, related intellectual property. Under the agreement, Genentech made an up-front payment, provided research funding and to date has paid us milestone payments for nominating a clinical candidate and advancing it into regulated safety assessment testing and a Phase 1 trial. In addition, Genentech has agreed to make additional potential development milestone payments and pay

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us royalties on certain resulting product sales. Genentech is solely responsible for clinical development and commercialization of the resulting products.

In 2005, 2008, and 2009, we expanded our collaboration with Genentech to develop clinical candidates directed against additional targets. Under the agreement, we received additional research funding, as well as potential research and development milestone payments and product royalties based on the success of each new program. In September 2010, we and Genentech extended the agreement for an additional two years of funded research through January 2013. Genentech may terminate the agreement upon four months' written notice. Genentech has paid Array a total of $26.5 million in up-front and milestone payments, and we have the potential to earn an additional $20.0 million for all programs if Genentech continues development and achieves the remaining clinical milestones set forth in the agreement.

Genentech is advancing one collaborative drug, ipatasertib, an AKT inhibitor, in a Phase 3 trial in prostate cancer and multiple Phase 2 trials.

5. Genentech — GDC-0575 — Checkpoint kinase 1, or CHK-1, Inhibitor Program

In August 2011, Array and Genentech entered into a License Agreement for the development of each company's small-molecule CHK-1 program in oncology. The programs included Genentech's compound GDC-0425 (RG7602) and Array's compound GDC-0575 (previously known as ARRY-575), both of which are in Phase 1 . Under the terms of the agreement, Genentech is responsible for all clinical development and commercialization activities. Array received an up-front payment of $28 million and is eligible to receive clinical and commercial milestone payments up to $380 million and up to double-digit royalties on sales of any resulting drugs. The agreement will remain in effect until Genentech's obligations to make milestone or royalty payments have passed or expired.

Either party may terminate the agreement upon a material breach by the other party that is not cured within a specified time period, and Genentech may terminate the agreement upon at least 60 days' written notice to Array. If Genentech terminates the agreement due to a material breach by Array, the license Array granted to Genentech becomes irrevocable and the royalty to Array will be reduced to a specified percentage. If the agreement is terminated by Genentech for convenience or by Array due to a material breach by Genentech, the license Array granted to Genentech will terminate, Genentech will continue to be required to pay milestone and royalty payments on any programs for which Genentech had initiated clinical development and Array's exclusivity obligations will continue so long as Genentech is developing or commercializing at least one product subject to the agreement. Array and Genentech have also agreed to indemnify the other party for breaches of representations or warranties made under the agreement and for certain of their respective activities under the agreement.

In 2014, Genentech selected GDC-0575 over GDC-0425 to advance into further clinical trials. Genentech is continuing a Phase 1 multiple ascending dose trial to evaluate GDC-0575 alone and in combination with Gemzar® (gemcitabine) in approximately 100 patients with refractory solid tumors or lymphoma.

6. InterMune (program now owned by Roche) — ASC08 Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4 Protease Program

In 2002, we entered into a Drug Discovery Collaboration Agreement with InterMune for the discovery of novel small molecule inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus, or HCV, NS3/4A protease. As a result of drug discovery activities under this collaboration, scientists at Array and InterMune jointly discovered ASC08 / danoprevir, which is currently under review by the China Food and Drug Administration for marketing approval. At this time, Ascletis is conducting all clinical development for ASC08. In October 2010, Roche expanded its portfolio of investigational medicines for HCV through the purchase of ASC08 from InterMune for $175 million. InterMune thereafter ceased all further development efforts under the collaboration. Under the terms of Array's collaboration agreement with InterMune, InterMune has an obligation to make milestone payments to us based on the selection and progress of ASC08, as well as royalties on commercial sales of ASC08. To date, we have received $4.2 million in milestone payments and have the potential to earn an additional $5.0 million if all clinical and commercialization milestones for ASC08 are achieved under the agreement.

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7. Lilly — Prexasertib/LY2606368 — CHK-1 Inhibitor Program

In 1999 and 2000, Array entered into collaboration agreements involving small-molecule CHK-1 inhibitors with ICOS Corporation. LY2603618 and prexasertib resulted from the collaboration between Array and ICOS. Eli Lilly and Company acquired ICOS in 2007. Array received $375 thousand in clinical milestone payments due to program advancements. Array is entitled to receive additional milestone payments totaling $2.5 million based on Lilly's achievement of clinical and regulatory milestones with the program. Prexasertib is being studied in multiple Phase 1 or 2 trials for cancer.

8. Loxo — Larotrectinib — PanTrk Inhibitor Program

In July 2013, Array entered into a Drug Discovery Collaboration Agreement with Loxo which was subsequently amended in November 2013, April 2014, October 2014, March 2015 and February 2016. It granted Loxo exclusive rights to develop and commercialize certain Array-invented compounds including larotrectinib, which is currently in Phase 1 and Phase 2/registration clinical trials. LOXO-195, a next-generation TRK inhibitor, and LOXO-292, a RET inhibitor, are also advancing in Phase 1.

Under the terms of the amended agreement, Loxo is funding further discovery and preclinical programs to be conducted by Array, including a FGFR program. The most recent amended agreement extended the term through September 2017, with Loxo retaining an option to extend the term for up to one additional year. During June 2017, Loxo exercised its option to extend the term through September 2018. Loxo is responsible for all additional preclinical and clinical development and commercialization.

Array receives advance payments for the preclinical research and other services that Array is providing during the term of the discovery program. To date, we have earned $9.3 million in milestone and other upfront payments and have the potential to earn up to approximately (i) $215 million with respect to products related to TRK, including larotrectinib and its backup compounds, and (ii) $212 million with respect to product candidates directed to targets other than TRK, if Loxo achieves additional clinical, regulatory and sales milestones plus royalties on sales of any resulting drugs.

The Loxo agreement, as amended, will continue on a country-by-country basis until the termination of the royalty payment obligations, unless terminated earlier by the parties in accordance with its terms. The agreement may be terminated by either party upon the failure of the other party to cure any material breach of its obligations under the agreement, provided that, so long as Loxo is reasonably able to pay its debts as they are due, Array will only be entitled to seek monetary damages, and will not have the right to terminate the agreement in the event of Loxo's breach after expiration of the discovery program term. Loxo also has the right to terminate the agreement or to terminate discovery research with respect to any targets under development with six months’ notice to Array. If Loxo terminates the agreement for convenience, all licenses granted to Loxo will terminate and Array will have all rights to further develop and commercialize the licensed programs. The period of exclusivity to be observed by Array under the Loxo agreement will continue as long as Loxo either has an active research and/or development program for a target and the program could result in the receipt of milestones or royalties under the program by Array, or as long as Loxo is commercializing a product for a target under the agreement.

9. VentiRx (now owned by Celgene) — Motolimod/VTX-2337 — TLR Program

In February 2007, we entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with the privately-held biopharmaceutical company VentiRx, under which we granted VentiRx exclusive worldwide rights to certain molecules from our TLR program. In February 2017, VentiRx was acquired by Celgene. The program contains a number of compounds targeting TLRs to activate innate immunity, including motolimod/VTX-2337, which is currently in Phase 2. We received equity in VentiRx, as well as an up-front payment and the right to receive potential milestone payments and royalties on product sales. To date, we have received $2.6 million in milestone payments and have the potential to earn an additional $56 million if Celgene achieves the remaining clinical and commercial milestones under the agreement. See Note 1 — Overview, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Equity Investment to the accompanying audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of the equity interest we received in VentiRx as a result of this agreement.

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Market Opportunity

Our proprietary pipeline is focused on targeted drugs that treat cancer. We believe there is a substantial opportunity in creating oncology drugs that meet the demand from the medical community for targeted therapies that treat both the underlying disease, as well as control symptoms more effectively and/or more safely than drugs that are currently available. We believe future patient care will improve with the use of screening to select targeted therapies for more effective disease treatment. Also, clinical trials aimed at well-defined patient populations may show improved response rates and may thereby increase the chances for approval with regulatory agencies such as the FDA. This approach may result in a greater number of marketed drugs each aimed at a smaller subset of patients.

The worldwide market for targeted cancer drugs, the cancer drug market's fastest growing segment, is forecast to grow from $102 billion in 2017 to $191 billion in 2022.

In addition, the pharmaceutical industry has an ongoing need to fill clinical development pipelines with new drugs to drive future revenue growth. Despite increased spending on internal research, the industry has been unable to meet this demand. As a result, it has become increasingly reliant on biotech companies to acquire new drugs. Due to the scarcity of later-stage clinical assets available for in-licensing, these companies have been willing to enter into licensing deals at early stages, including the preclinical stage. However, once a drug has entered clinical development, companies generally require proof-of-concept data, which includes both efficacy and safety data, before they will consider licensing a drug candidate. Accordingly, we believe there is an opportunity to license drugs at several stages during the drug development process.

Cancer Market

Despite a wide range of available cancer therapies, patients' treatment responses remain limited and variable. As a result, oncologists are increasingly using combination therapies and drug dosing regimens tailored for individual tumor types and patients. The goal of targeted therapies is to specifically address the underlying mechanisms of the disease by regulating discrete aspects of cellular function affecting cancer cells to a greater extent than normal cells. As such, targeted therapies hold the promise of being more effective with fewer side effects than cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs. Further, biomarkers are increasingly playing a role in both patient prognosis and drug selection. We believe certain cancers will eventually become chronic diseases, treated with a combination of targeted therapies. Our research strategy in the cancer market is to build a pipeline of targeted therapies to be used as targeted combination regimens or in combination with immunotherapy agents including PD1 inhibitors.

According to estimates contained in the American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Figures 2017, in the U.S. there will be an estimated 1.7 million new cases of cancer in 2017 and nearly 600 thousand cancer-related deaths. The five-year relative survival rate for all cancers diagnosed between 2003 and 2009 is 68%, up from 49% in 1975-1977. The improvement in survival reflects both progress in diagnosing certain cancers at an earlier stage and improvements in treatment.

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The following table shows estimated new cases diagnosed and estimated deaths in the U.S. during 2017 by major cancer types of interest to Array:



	Estimated 2017
Type of Cancer	New Cases	Deaths

Lung	222,500	155,870
Breast	255,180	41,070
Colorectal	135,430	50,260
Melanoma	87,110	9,730
Thyroid	56,870	2,010
Pancreas	53,670	43,090
Ovarian	22,440	14,080
Stomach	28,000	10,960
Myeloma	30,280	12,590
Gallbladder and Other Biliary	11,740	3,830
	903,220	343,490

The use of targeted therapies has the potential to change the focus of cancer treatment away from categorization and treatment modality by organ type and towards categorization and treatment modalities by level of gene expression in individual patients, or “personalized medicine.” Targeted therapies and personalized medicine hold the promise of increased survival with improved quality of life.

Oncology, both in treating cancer itself and as palliative therapy, has been a major therapeutic category for biotechnology companies since the inception of the industry. Recently, major pharmaceutical companies have increased their research and development and in-licensing investment in this market, particularly the targeted cancer therapy market. Some of the targeted therapies currently on the market include Avastin® (bevacizumab), Xalkori® (crizotinib), Herceptin®(trastuzumab), Rituxan® (rituximab) and Zelboraf® (vemurafenib).

In addition to targeted therapies, immunotherapy agents that target PD1 have gained approval across multiple tumor types including melanoma, NSCLC, Merkel cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Recently, Merck’s Keytruda (pembrolizumab) became the first oncology therapy to be approved for patients with microsatellite instable (MSI) tumors regardless of tumor location. In melanoma and NSCLC in particular, Keytruda and BMS’ Opdivo (nivolumab) have become major players with significant market share. One area of particular interest for Array is developing combination therapies of proprietary targeted therapies and PD1 inhibitors in order to address a broader range of patients.

Melanoma (Binimetinib — MEK inhibitor and Encorafenib — BRAF inhibitor)

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. The number of new malignant melanoma cases has been increasing substantially over the past 30 years and at a rate that is among the fastest growing of any human cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 87 thousand new cases of melanoma are expected to be diagnosed in 2017, and nearly 10,000 patients are expected to succumb to their disease. Prognosis is heavily dependent upon stage of the disease. The outlook for patients with metastatic disease is poor, with a five-year survival rate of approximately 20%.

The optimal treatment for melanoma varies with the stage of the disease. In patients with early disease, surgical excision is the treatment of choice with some of these patients receiving adjuvant therapy with interferon alfa or Yervoy (ipilimumab). Surgical excision of limited distant metastatic disease can occasionally produce durable benefit, but most patients with distant metastases require systemic therapy. Systemic therapies include chemotherapy and immunotherapy, used either alone or in combination.

Market growth of melanoma drug therapies is expected to be strong, with sales across the worldwide markets forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 14% from $3.7 billion in 2016 to $8.1 billion in 2022. This forecasted growth is driven largely by recent and anticipated launches of several novel, high-priced therapies expected to capture substantial market share over time.

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Mutations that activate the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway are common in melanoma, with BRAF mutations in approximately 50% of melanoma patients, suggesting the therapeutic potential for agents that target this pathway in melanoma. Novartis’ Mekinst (trametinib) and Tafinlar (dabrafenib) and Roche’s Zelboraf (vemurafenib) and Cotellic (cobimetinib) are currently approved for the treatment of melanoma patients with BRAF mutations.

Colorectal Cancer (Binimetinib - MEK inhibitor and Encorafenib - BRAF inhibitor)

Colon and rectal cancer together represent the third most common cancer in both men and women, with approximately 135,000 new cases expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2017. Although incidence rates have been decreasing over the past 30 years due to increased screening and decreases in certain risk factors, colorectal cancer remains the third leading cause of cancer death and is expected to claim approximately 50,000 lives in 2017. The majority of patients are diagnosed in advanced stages of disease, and 5-year survival rates are approximately 14% for patients diagnosed with distant disease.

Treatment for patients diagnosed with localized disease centers around surgery, with or without adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens. Advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer is managed through the use of chemotherapy or monoclonal antibodies targeted against the EGFR or VEGF signaling pathways. The EGFR surface protein is overexpressed in approximately 40-80% of CRC tumors, and the EGFR-targeted therapies Erbitux (cetuximab) and Vectibix (panitumumab) are FDA-approved for use in CRC patients. However, EGFR overexpression is not predictive of treatment efficacy, and only approximately 10-20% of CRC patients respond to EGFR-directed therapies. Targeting VEGF through the use of Avastin (bevacizumab) or Cyramza (ramucirumab) is also an available treatment modality. However, despite use of these targeted agents against EGFR and VEGF, there remains high unmet need for additional therapies that target additional mutations in CRC patients.

Targeting the MAPK pathway downstream of EGFR is an emerging area of interest in the CRC therapeutic landscape. Patients with mutations in NRAS and KRAS and patients with BRAF mutations have shown decreased sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors. Prior studies in patients with BRAF-mutated disease have demonstrated PFS and OS ranging from 1.8 to 2.5 months and 4 to 6 months, respectively, and response rates to EGFR-targeted therapy ranging from 6-8%. BRAF mutations, which are present in 10-15% of CRC patients, confer a poor prognosis and thus this patient population has a high unmet need for additional targeted therapies. Overall, with the addition of new treatment options to address existing and emerging biomarkers, the total CRC market is forecast to grow from $7.0B in 2014 to $7.6B in 2023.

Array, in partnership with Pierre Fabre and Merck KGaA, has initiated the Phase 3 BEACON CRC trial to evaluate binimetinib and encorafenib in combination with Erbitux in patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic CRC who have progressed on first-line systemic therapy. Patients are to be randomized to receive the triplet therapy, doublet therapy of encorafenib and Erbitux, or an Erbitux and chemotherapy control arm. OS of the triplet therapy compared with the control arm will be evaluated as the primary endpoint; PFS, ORR, DOR, safety and tolerability are secondary endpoints. Enrollment is projected to complete in 2018.

Recently, CRC tumors have come to also be defined by the level of microsatellite stability or instability displayed, and Keytruda was approved by the FDA in May 2017 for the treatment of patients (including those with CRC) whose tumors display high levels of microsatellite instability. In addition, BMS has also submitted an application with FDA for the approval of Opdivo for the treatment of CRC patients with MSI-H tumors. However, despite the encouraging activity of PD1 inhibitors in MSI-H CRC, these tumors only account for approximately 5% of CRC in the US. To address the larger population of CRC patients with microsatellite stable tumors, Array has initiated two collaborations with Merck and BMS to combine binimetinib with Keytruda or Opdivo in CRC patients with MSS tumors.

NF1 or Plexiform Neurofibromas (Selumetinib and Binimetinib - MEK inhibitors)

NF1 is an autosomal disorder that can cause tumors to grow on nerves throughout the body. Most of these tumors are inoperable and the disease may lead to blindness, bone abnormalities, cancer, deafness, disfigurement, learning disabilities and excruciating and disabling pain. Neurofibromatosis, or NF, affects one in every 3,000 people, which is more than cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Huntington’s disease combined. Data on selumetinib in an ongoing Phase 2 trial of pediatric patients with NF1 was presented at the 2015 Children's Tumor Foundation NF Conference. In the study, 67% (16 of 24) of patients treated with selumetinib achieved a partial response (defined by a 20% reduction in tumor size) and all patients remain on study with a median of 18 cycles (1 cycle = 28 days, range, 6-43). Anecdotal improvement in function, and reduction in plexiform neurofibromas, or PN, related pain and

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disfigurement were also observed. The most frequent adverse events were acneiform rash, increased creatine kinase and gastrointestinal effects. Based on this data, a Phase 2 registration trial in pediatric patients is advancing and a Phase 2 registration trial in adult patients is planned. In addition, a Phase 2 Investigator-Sponsored Trial of binimetinib in pediatric patients with NF1 is expected to be initiated.

Thyroid Cancer (Selumetinib — MEK inhibitor)

Thyroid cancer has become the fastest-increasing cancer in the U.S. with estimates of approximately 57 thousand new cases and approximately 2,000 deaths in 2017. The rapid increase in incidence rates is thought to be largely due to increased and earlier detection. Thyroid cancer strikes relatively young patients, with 80% of newly diagnosed thyroid cancers occurring in patients younger than 65, and 3 out of 4 cases occurring in women.

Most thyroid cancers can be treated successfully with an overall five-year survival rate of 98%. However, even when therapy is successful, the disease remains burdensome and potentially lethal; patients must be tested routinely for the rest of their life, with as many as 35% of thyroid cancers recurring, one-third of which occur more than 10 years after initial treatment.

In disease that has not metastasized, partial or total surgical excision of the thyroid gland is the primary treatment, followed by radioiodine therapy, or RAI, to kill off residual cancer cells, and usually thyroid hormone suppression therapy for maintenance to prevent recurrence. For metastatic disease, RAI is the leading therapeutic option. However, a significant number of patients have disease not receptive to RAI therapy, or RAI-refractory disease, and have few effective treatment alternatives. This remains a significant unmet need, as distant metastases are the most frequent cause of death for patients with papillary or follicular thyroid cancers which account for 90% of thyroid tumors, and decreased RAI incorporation into metastatic sites has been shown to be associated with higher mortality.

Therapies that target the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and specific molecular abnormalities such as BRAF and NRAS mutations have a strong scientific underpinning for activity in this disease, with BRAF mutations in approximately 39%, and NRAS mutations in approximately 7% of thyroid cancers. In a pilot study published in the February 14, 2013 edition of the New England Journal of Medicine, selumetinib has shown positive therapeutic activity in patients with RAI-refractory disease. Based on these results, AstraZeneca is advancing a Phase 3 trial comparing selumetinib combined with single dose adjuvant radioactive iodine to single dose adjuvant radioactive iodine in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who have had a previous thyroidectomy.

Lamin A/C-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy (ARRY-797 — p38 inhibitor)

LMNA-DCM is a rare, degenerative cardiovascular disease caused by genetic mutations in the lamin A/C gene. These mutations lead to loss of functional lamin proteins resulting in activation of the p38 MAPK pathway and leading to structural changes in cardiac tissue such as alterations to cardiomyocyte and A/V nodal cell nuclei, which leads to apoptosis and cardiac tissue remodeling, and sarcomere reorganization, which affects the heart’s contractile function. While other MAPK pathways have been implicated in this disease, nonclinical data suggest that the p38 pathway is a key driver.

Patients with LMNA-DCM typically begin experiencing symptoms in their twenties or thirties, and by age 45 nearly 70% have undergone a heart transplant, experienced a major cardiac event or have died. Currently, there are no disease-specific treatments approved for LMNA-DCM. Treatment is limited to symptomatic and supportive care, and a significant unmet medical need remains for therapies that can halt disease progression or improve cardiac function. Patients diagnosed with LMNA-DCM are treated using the same practices as patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy arising from other causes. It is estimated that 5,000 to 9,000 patients are living with LMNA-DCM, but due to infrequent genetic testing, far fewer are actually diagnosed. No available treatments are curative, and given the relentless progression of disease and poor prognosis of LMNA-DCM, novel drugs that can target the molecular mechanism underlying cardiac dysfunction in this disease are warranted. Thus, there is a high unmet need for patients who are diagnosed with LMNA-DCM, and inhibition of p38 MAPK may offer an important therapeutic option for these patients.

Array is currently developing ARRY-797, a selective, oral inhibitor of the p38 MAPK pathway, which is currently in Phase 2 in patients with LMNA-DCM.

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Research and Development for Proprietary Drug Discovery

Our primary research efforts during fiscal 2017 were focused on development of our oncology programs. Our research focuses on biologic functions, or pathways, that have been identified as important in the treatment of human disease based on human clinical, genetic or preclinical data. Within these pathways, we seek to create first-in-class drugs regulating important therapeutic targets to treat patients with serious or life-threatening conditions, primarily in cancer. In addition, we seek to identify opportunities to improve upon existing therapies or drugs in clinical development by creating clinical candidates with superior, or best-in-class, drug characteristics, including efficacy, tolerability or dosing to provide safer, more effective drugs. During fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, we spent $178.2 million, $160.7 million and $54.4 million, respectively, on research and development for proprietary drug discovery, which consist of costs associated with our proprietary drug programs for, among other things, salaries and benefits for scientific personnel, consulting and outsourced services, laboratory supplies, allocated facilities costs and depreciation.

Drug Discovery and Development Timeline

The drug development process is highly uncertain and subject to a number of risks that are beyond our control and takes many years to complete. The following table outlines each phase in the drug development process. Completion times are difficult to estimate and can vary greatly based on the drug and indication. Therefore, the duration times shown in the table below are estimates only.



Phase	Objective	Estimated Duration
Discovery	Lead identification and target validation.	2 to 4 years
Preclinical	Initial toxicology for preliminary identification of risks for humans; gather early pharmacokinetic data.	1 to 2 years
Phase 1	Evaluate the safety and tolerability of the drug in human subjects and find the maximum tolerated dose. The pharmacokinetics of the drug are examined after single and multiple doses, the effects of food on the pharmacokinetics may be evaluated and drug metabolites may be monitored.	1 to 2 years
Phase 2	Evaluate effectiveness of the drug and its optimal dosage in patients; continue safety evaluation.	2 to 4 years
Phase 3	Confirm efficacy, dosage regime and safety profile of the drug in patients	2 to 4 years
NDA Preparation, Review and Approval	FDA review and approval to sell and market the drug under the approved labeling	1 to 2 years

Some non-clinical studies, including animal studies, are often conducted during the course of human clinical studies. Proof-of-concept for a drug candidate generally occurs during Phase 2, after initial safety and efficacy data are established.

Our Research and Development Technologies and Expertise

We are continuing to improve our comprehensive research and development capabilities, consisting of three integrated areas of expertise:


•	Discovery Research — Biology, Pharmacology, Toxicology, Chemistry and Translational Medicine;


•	Process Research, Development, Formulation and Manufacturing (through collaborations, including with Accuratus Lab Services, Inc.); and


•	Clinical Development — Clinical Science, Clinical Operations, Drug Safety, Translational Medicine, Biostatistics and Data Management, Regulatory Affairs and Program Management.

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Discovery Research

We have a broad drug discovery platform with all the necessary capabilities to efficiently invent new chemical compounds. We continue to add to our breadth of knowledge, refine our processes and engage key scientists who enhance our current capabilities. Our translational medicine team designs and runs mechanistic studies in cell biology and pharmacology to provide insight into clinical development strategy, product differentiation and biomarker support for clinical development. Our discovery group has created high quality clinical candidates for our proprietary and partnered programs that have been shown to modulate their mechanistic target, as measured by an appropriate clinical biomarker.

Process Research, Development, Formulation and Manufacturing

In June 2015, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Accuratus Lab Services, Inc., where Accuratus acquired Array’s chemistry, manufacturing and controls activities. This group continues to provide expert support to Array’s drug discovery and development programs. Their capabilities include formulations, physical form characterization and aspects of clinical supply manufacturing. Array also utilizes other service providers for its Process Research, Development, Formulation and Manufacturing needs.

Clinical Development

Our current key capabilities within clinical development include clinical science, clinical operations, clinical pharmacology, safety monitoring, biostatistics, programming and data management, regulatory strategy and program management. This group leads the development and implementation of our clinical and regulatory strategies. The clinical group designs, directs and implements all clinical operations, including identifying and selecting clinical investigators, recruiting study subjects to participate in our clinical trials, biostatistics, data management, drug safety evaluation and adverse event reporting. The clinical group also is responsible for ensuring that our development programs are conducted in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. The group also works closely with the cross functional project and clinical teams to facilitate the appropriate and efficient development of our diverse product pipeline.

Our near-term focus is on bringing our most promising drugs through proof-of-concept and Phase 3 clinical trials. Our proof-of-concept strategy is to efficiently conduct studies to demonstrate the value of each program in a therapeutic area so that decisions to continue, modify or cease development of a program can be made early in the development process. We believe that our broad development pipeline and productive discovery platform provide an incentive to design trials for each program with high hurdles to demonstrate the potential of the drug or to "fail early."

Competitors

The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are characterized by rapid and continuous technological innovation. We compete with companies worldwide that are engaged in research and discovery, licensing, development and commercialization of drug candidates, including large pharmaceutical companies with internal discovery and development functions, biotech companies with competing products in the therapeutic areas we are targeting and contract research organizations, or CROs, that perform many of the functions we perform under our collaborations. In addition, we face competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies seeking to out-license drugs targeting the same disease class or condition as our drug candidates are based on, among other things, patent position, product efficacy, safety, reliability, availability, patient convenience, price and reimbursement potential. Therefore, we may be unable to enter into collaboration, partnering or out-licensing agreements on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. We also compete with other clinical trials for patients who are eligible to be enrolled in clinical trials we or our partners are conducting, which may limit the number of patients who meet the criteria for enrollment and delay or prevent us or our partners from completing trials when anticipated. Because the timing of entry of a drug in the market presents important competitive advantages, the speed with which we are able to complete drug development and clinical trials, obtain regulatory approval and supply commercial quantities of drugs to the market will affect our competitive position. Some of our competitors have a broader range of capabilities and have greater access to financial, technical, scientific, regulatory, business development, recruiting and other resources than we do. Their access to greater resources may allow them to develop processes or products that are more effective, safer or less costly, or gain greater market acceptance, than products we develop or for which they obtain

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FDA approval more rapidly than we do. We anticipate that we will face increased competition in the future as new companies enter the market and advanced technologies become available.

Government Regulation

Biopharmaceutical companies are subject to substantial regulation by governmental agencies in the U.S. and other countries. Virtually all pharmaceutical products are subject to extensive pre- and post-market regulation, including regulation governing the testing, development, manufacturing, quality control, distribution, safety, effectiveness, approval, labeling, storage, record keeping, reporting, advertising and promotion, and import and export of such products under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or the FDC Act, and its implementing regulations, and by comparable agencies and laws in foreign countries. Failure to comply with applicable foreign regulatory agency or FDA requirements may result in enforcement action, including warning letters, fines, civil or criminal penalties, suspension or delays in clinical development, recall or seizure of products, partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market. Although the discussion below focuses on regulation in the U.S., which is our primary initial focus, we and our partners anticipate seeking approval to market our products in other countries. Generally, our activities in other countries will be subject to regulation that is similar in nature and scope as that imposed in the U.S., although there can be important differences.

Development and Approval

In the U.S., prescription drug products are subject to rigorous preclinical and clinical testing and other approval procedures by the FDA. Under the FDC Act, the FDA must approve any new drug, including a new dosage form or new use of a previously approved drug, prior to marketing in the U.S. Typically, approval requires extensive studies and submission of a large amount of data by the company. The approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that the FDA will grant approval for any of our product candidates on a timely basis, if at all.

Preclinical Testing. Before testing any drug candidate in human subjects in the U.S., a company must develop extensive preclinical data. Preclinical testing generally includes laboratory evaluation of product chemistry and formulation, as well as toxicological and pharmacological studies in several animal species to assess the quality and safety of the product. Certain animal studies must be performed in compliance with the FDA's Good Laboratory Practice, or GLP, regulations and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal Welfare Act.

IND Application. Human clinical trials cannot commence until an IND application is submitted and becomes effective. A company must submit, among other information, preclinical testing results to the FDA as part of the IND, and the FDA must evaluate whether there is an adequate basis for testing the drug candidate in initial clinical studies in human volunteers. Unless the FDA raises concerns, the IND becomes effective 30 days following its receipt by the FDA.

Clinical Trials. Clinical trials involve the administration of the drug to healthy human volunteers or to patients under the supervision of a qualified investigator. The conduct of clinical trials is subject to extensive regulation, including compliance with the FDA's bioresearch monitoring regulations and Good Clinical Practice, or GCP, requirements, which establish standards for conducting, recording data from, and reporting the results of clinical trials, and are intended to assure that the data and reported results are credible and accurate, and that the rights, safety, and well-being of study participants are protected. Clinical trials must be conducted under protocols that detail the study objectives, parameters for monitoring safety, and the efficacy criteria, if any, to be evaluated. FDA reviews each protocol that is submitted to the IND. In addition, each clinical trial must be reviewed and approved by, and conducted under the auspices of, an Institutional Review Board, or IRB, for each institution conducting the clinical trial. Companies sponsoring the clinical trials, investigators, and IRBs also must comply with regulations and guidelines for obtaining informed consent from the study subjects, complying with the protocol and investigational plan, adequately monitoring the clinical trial, and timely reporting adverse events. Foreign studies conducted under an IND must meet the same requirements that apply to studies being conducted in the U.S. Data from a foreign study not conducted under an IND may be submitted in support of an NDA if the study was conducted in accordance with GCP and, if necessary, the FDA is able to validate the data through an on-site inspection, if the agency deems such inspection necessary.

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Human clinical trials typically are conducted in three sequential phases, although the phases may overlap with one another. Phase 1 clinical trials involve the initial introduction of a drug in humans on a small scale, and are generally intended to develop data regarding metabolism, pharmacologic action and safety, as well as helping determine the maximum tolerated dose. They also may provide early information regarding effectiveness. Phase 2 trials typically are controlled studies conducted in larger numbers of patients to gather initial effectiveness and safety data for specific indications. Phase 3 studies usually are intended to develop additional effectiveness and safety data, in order to allow evaluation of the drug’s overall benefit/risk profile and provide a basis for labeling.

During any of these phases, the sponsoring company, the FDA, or an IRB may suspend or terminate a clinical trial at any time for a variety of reasons, including a finding that the subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Further, success in early-stage clinical trials does not assure success in later-stage clinical trials. Data obtained from clinical activities are not always conclusive and may be subject to alternative interpretations that could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval.

NDA Submission and Review. After completing clinical testing of an investigational drug, a sponsor must prepare and submit an NDA for review and approval by the FDA. When an NDA is submitted, the FDA conducts a preliminary review to determine whether the application is sufficiently complete to be accepted for filing. If it is not, the FDA may refuse to file the application and request additional information, in which case the application must be resubmitted with the supplemental information, and review of the application is delayed.

As part of its review, the FDA may refer an NDA to an advisory committee for evaluation and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved. Although the FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, the agency usually has followed such recommendations. Under the Pediatric Research Equity Act, certain applications for approval must include an assessment, generally based on clinical study data, of the safety and effectiveness of the subject drug or biological product in relevant pediatric populations. The FDA may waive or defer the requirement for a pediatric assessment, either at the company’s request or by the agency’s initiative. The FDA may determine that a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS, is necessary to ensure that the benefits of a new product outweigh its risks. A REMS may include various elements, ranging from a medication guide or patient package insert to limitations on who may prescribe or dispense the drug, depending on what the FDA considers necessary for the safe use of the drug.

Before approving an NDA, the FDA will inspect the facilities at which the product is to be manufactured. The FDA will not approve the product unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with cGMP requirements and adequate to assure consistent production of the product within required specifications.

If the FDA concludes that an NDA does not meet the regulatory standards for approval, the FDA typically issues a Complete Response letter communicating the agency’s decision not to approve the application and outlining the deficiencies in the submission. The Complete Response letter also may request further information, including additional preclinical or clinical data. Even if such additional information and data are submitted, the FDA may decide that the NDA still does not meet the standards for approval.

Data from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret data differently than the sponsor. Obtaining regulatory approval often takes a number of years, involves the expenditure of substantial resources, and depends on a number of factors, including the nature of the disease or condition the drug is intended to address, the availability of alternative treatments, and the risks and benefits demonstrated in clinical trials. Additionally, as a condition of approval, the FDA may impose restrictions that could affect the commercial success of a drug or require post-approval commitments, including the completion within a specified time period of additional clinical studies, which often are referred to as “Phase 4” or “post-marketing” studies.

Certain post-approval modifications to the drug product, such changes in indications, labeling, or manufacturing processes or facilities, may require a sponsor to develop additional data or conduct additional preclinical or clinical trials, to be submitted in a new or supplemental NDA, which would require FDA approval.

Post-Approval Regulation

Even if regulatory approvals are granted, a marketed product is subject to continuing comprehensive requirements under federal, state and foreign laws and regulations, including requirements and restrictions regarding adverse

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event reporting, recordkeeping, marketing, and compliance with cGMP. Adverse events reported after approval of a drug can result in additional restrictions on the use of a drug or requirements for additional post-marketing studies or clinical trials. The FDA or similar agencies in other countries may also require labeling changes to products at any time based on new safety information. If ongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety problems occur after the product reaches the market, the FDA or similar agencies in other countries may at any time withdraw product approval or take actions that would suspend marketing or approval.

Good Manufacturing Practices. Companies engaged in manufacturing drug products or their components must comply with applicable cGMP requirements and product-specific regulations enforced by the FDA and other regulatory agencies. If, after receiving approval, a company makes a material change in manufacturing equipment, location, or process (all of which are, to some degree, incorporated in the NDA), additional regulatory review and approval may be required. The FDA also conducts regular, periodic visits to re-inspect equipment, facilities, and processes following the initial approval of a product. Failure to comply with applicable cGMP requirements and conditions of product approval may lead the FDA to seek sanctions, including fines, civil penalties, injunctions, suspension of manufacturing operations, operating restrictions, withdrawal of FDA approval, seizure or recall of products, and criminal prosecution.

Advertising and Promotion. The FDA and other federal regulatory agencies closely regulate the marketing and promotion of drugs through, among other things, standards and regulations for advertising, promotion to physicians and patients, communications regarding unapproved uses, and industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities. Failure to comply with applicable FDA requirements and other restrictions in this area may subject a company to adverse publicity and enforcement action by the FDA, the Department of Justice, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, and state authorities, as well as civil and criminal fines and agreements that may materially restrict the manner in which a company promotes or distributes drug products.

Other Requirements. In addition, companies that manufacture or distribute drug products or that hold approved NDAs must comply with other regulatory requirements, including submitting annual reports, reporting information about adverse drug experiences, submitting establishment registrations and drug listings, and maintaining certain records.

Hatch-Waxman Act

If drug candidates we develop are approved for commercial marketing under an NDA by the FDA, they would be subject to the provisions of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, known as the "Hatch-Waxman Act." The Hatch-Waxman Act establishes two abbreviated approval pathways for drug products that are in some way follow-on versions of already approved NDA products. In addition, the Hatch-Waxman Act provides companies with marketing exclusivity for new chemical entities, allows companies to apply to extend for up to five additional years of patent term lost during product development and FDA review of an NDA, and provides for a period of marketing exclusivity for products that are not new chemical entities if the NDA (or supplemental NDA) contains data from new clinical investigations that were necessary for approval. It also provides a means for approving generic versions of a drug product once the marketing exclusivity period has ended and all relevant patents have expired or have been successfully challenged and defeated. The laws of other key markets likewise create both opportunities for exclusivity periods and patent protections and the possibility of generic competition once such periods or protections have either expired or have been successfully challenged by generic entrants.

Orphan Drug Exclusivity

The Orphan Drug Act established incentives for the development of drugs intended to treat rare diseases or conditions, which generally are diseases or conditions affecting less than 200 thousand individuals in the U.S. at the time of the request for orphan designation. If a sponsor demonstrates that a drug is intended to treat a rare disease or condition and meets other applicable requirements, the FDA grants orphan drug designation to the product for that use. The FDA has granted orphan drug designation for the following products for the identified intended uses: (i) filanesib for use in treating MM in May 2014; (ii) ARRY-797 for use in treating LMNA-DCM in May 2014; (iii) binimetinib for use in treating LGSOC in July 2014; (iv) binimetinib for use in treating stage IIB-IV melanoma in November 2013; and (v) binimetinib and encorafenib for treatment of stage IIB-IV melanoma that is positive for BRAF mutation in November 2013. The benefits of orphan drug designation include tax credits for clinical testing expenses and exemption from

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user fees. A drug that is approved for the orphan drug designated use typically is granted seven years of orphan drug exclusivity. During that period, the FDA generally may not approve any other application for the same product for the same indication, although there are exceptions, most notably when the later product is shown to be clinically superior to the product with exclusivity.

Pediatric Exclusivity

Section 505A of the FDC Act provides for six months of additional exclusivity if an NDA sponsor submits pediatric data that fairly respond to a written request from the FDA for such data. The data do not need to show the product to be safe and effective in the pediatric population studied; rather, if the clinical trial is deemed to fairly respond to the FDA’s request, the additional protection is granted. If reports of requested pediatric studies are submitted to and accepted by the FDA within the statutory time limits, whatever statutory or regulatory periods of exclusivity or Orange Book listed patent protection that cover the drug are extended by six months. This is not a patent term extension, but it effectively extends the regulatory period during which the FDA cannot approve an ANDA or 505(b)(2) application owing to regulatory exclusivity or listed patents. If any of our product candidates is approved, we anticipate seeking pediatric exclusivity when it is appropriate.

Fast Track and Breakthrough Therapy Designations

Certain of our product candidates may qualify for Fast Track designation. The Fast Track program is intended to expedite or facilitate the process for reviewing new drugs that demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical needs involving serious or life-threatening diseases or conditions. If a drug receives Fast Track designation, the FDA may consider reviewing sections of the NDA on a rolling basis, rather than requiring the entire application to be submitted to begin the review. Products with Fast Track designation also may be eligible for more frequent meetings and correspondence with the FDA about the product's development. Certain of our product candidates may benefit from other FDA programs intended to expedite development and review, such as priority review (i.e., a six-month review goal, rather than the standard 10-month timeframe) and accelerated approval (i.e., approval on the basis of a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit).

Certain of our product candidates also may qualify for Breakthrough Therapy designation, which is intended to expedite the development and review of drugs for serious or life-threatening conditions and where preliminary clinical evidence shows that the drug may have substantial improvement on at least one clinically significant endpoint over available therapy. If a drug receives Breakthrough Therapy designation, it will be eligible for all of the benefits of Fast Track designation. In addition, Breakthrough Therapy-designated drugs are eligible for more intensive guidance from the FDA on an efficient drug development program and a commitment from the agency to involve senior FDA managers in such guidance.

Even if a product qualifies for Fast Track designation or Breakthrough Therapy designation, the FDA may later decide that the product no longer meets the conditions for qualification, and/or may determine that the product does not meet the standards for approval.

Companion Diagnostics

Diagnostic tests are regulated as medical devices under the FDC Act. Unless an exemption applies, diagnostic tests require marketing clearance or approval from the FDA prior to commercial distribution. The two primary types of FDA marketing authorization applicable to a medical device are premarket notification, also called 510(k) clearance, and premarket approval, or PMA approval. The diagnostic tests being developed for our lead products are subject to the PMA approval process.

PMA applications must be supported by valid scientific evidence, which typically requires extensive data, including technical, preclinical, clinical and manufacturing data, to demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction the safety and effectiveness of the device. For diagnostic tests, a PMA application typically includes data regarding analytical and clinical validation studies. As part of its review of the PMA, the FDA will conduct a pre-approval inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities to ensure compliance with the Quality System Regulation, or QSR, which requires manufacturers to follow design, testing, control, documentation, and other quality assurance procedures. FDA is required by statute to complete its review of an initial PMA application within six to ten months, although the process typically takes longer, and may require several years to complete. If FDA’s evaluations of both the PMA application

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and the manufacturing facilities are favorable, the FDA will either issue an approval letter or an approvable letter. The latter usually contains a number of conditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the PMA. If the FDA’s evaluation of the PMA or manufacturing facilities is not favorable, the FDA will deny approval of the PMA or issue a not approvable letter. A not approvable letter will outline the deficiencies in the application and, where practical, will identify what is necessary to make the PMA approvable. The FDA may also determine that additional clinical trials are necessary, in which case the PMA approval may be delayed for several months or years while the trials are conducted and the data are submitted in an amendment to the PMA. Once granted, PMA approval may be withdrawn by the FDA if compliance with post approval requirements, conditions of approval, or other regulatory standards is not maintained or problems are identified following initial marketing.

In 2014, the FDA issued its final guidance document addressing the development and approval process for in vitro companion diagnostic devices. According to the guidance, for novel therapeutic products such as our product candidate binimetinib, the companion diagnostic device generally should be approved or cleared contemporaneously with the drug candidate, although the guidance allows for certain exceptions. We believe our program for the development of our lead products and its companion diagnostic is consistent with this guidance.

Biological Samples

In the course of our business, we handle, store and dispose of chemicals and biological samples. We are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and waste products. These environmental laws generally impose liability regardless of the negligence or fault of a party and may expose us to liability for the conduct of, or conditions caused by, others.

Privacy

Most health care providers, including research institutions from which we or our partners obtain patient information, are subject to privacy and security regulations promulgated under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH. Our clinical research efforts are not directly regulated by HIPAA. However, depending on the facts and circumstances, we could face substantial criminal penalties if we knowingly obtain, use or disclose individually identifiable health information maintained by a HIPAA-covered entity in a manner that is not authorized or permitted by HIPAA In addition, we and our partners may be directly subject to certain data protection laws and regulations (i.e., laws and regulations that address privacy and data security).

In the U.S., numerous federal and state laws and regulations that govern the collection, use, disclosure, and protection of health-related and other personal information could apply to our operations or the operations of our partners, including state data breach notification laws, state health information privacy laws, state genetic privacy laws, and federal and state consumer protection laws (e.g., Section 5 of the FTC Act). International data protection laws including the European Union, or EU, Directive 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (the EU Data Protection Directive) may apply to some or all of the clinical data obtained outside of the U.S. The EU Data Protection Directive, as implemented into national laws by the EU Member States, imposes strict obligations and restrictions on the ability to collect, analyze and transfer personal data, including health data from clinical trials and adverse event reporting. The EU Data Protection Directive prohibits the transfer of personal data to countries outside of the European Economic Area, or EEA, such as the U.S., which are not considered by the European Commission to provide an adequate level of data protection. Switzerland has adopted similar restrictions. Although there are legal mechanisms to allow for the transfer of personal data from the EEA and Switzerland to the U.S., a recent decision of the European Court of Justice that invalidated the safe harbor framework has increased uncertainty around compliance with EU privacy law requirements. As a result of the decision, it will no longer be possible to rely on safe harbor certification as a legal basis for the transfer of personal data from the EU to entities in the U.S. In addition, data protection authorities from the different EU Member States may interpret the EU Data Protection Directive and national laws differently, and guidance on implementation and compliance practices are often updated or otherwise revised, which adds to the complexity of processing personal data in the EU. In February 2016, the European Commission announced an agreement with the U.S. Department of Commerce, or DOC, to replace the invalidated Safe Harbor framework with a new EU-U.S. “Privacy Shield.” On July 12, 2016, the European Commission adopted a decision on the adequacy of the protection provided by the Privacy Shield. The Privacy Shield is intended to address the requirements set out by the European Court of Justice in its recent ruling invalidating safe harbor by imposing more stringent obligations on companies,

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providing stronger monitoring and enforcement by the DOC and FTC, and making commitments on the part of public authorities regarding access to information. U.S. companies are able to certify to the DOC their compliance with the privacy principles of the Privacy Shield since August 1, 2016. In December 2015, a proposal for an EU General Data Protection Regulation, intended to replace the current EU Data Protection Directive, was agreed between the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission. The EU General Data Protection Regulation, which was officially adopted in April 2016 and will be applicable in May 2018, will introduce new data protection requirements in the EU, as well as substantial fines for breaches of the data protection rules. The EU General Data Protection Regulation will increase our responsibility and liability in relation to any personal data that we process, and we may be required to put in place additional mechanisms to ensure compliance with the new EU data protection rules.

Failure to comply with U.S. and international data protection laws and regulations could result in government enforcement actions (which could include civil and/or criminal penalties), private litigation and/or adverse publicity and could negatively affect our operating results and business. Moreover, patients about whom we or our partners obtain information, as well as the providers who share this information with us, may have contractual rights that limit our ability to use and disclose the information. Claims that we have violated individuals' privacy rights or breached our contractual obligations, even if we are not found liable, could be expensive and time-consuming to defend and could result in adverse publicity that could harm our business.

United States Healthcare Reform

In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, together the Healthcare Reform Act, was adopted in the U.S. This law substantially changes the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers, and significantly impacts the pharmaceutical industry. The Healthcare Reform Act contains a number of provisions that are expected to impact our business and operations, in some cases in ways we cannot currently predict. Changes that may affect our business if we or our partners commercialize our products in the future include those governing enrollment in federal healthcare programs, reimbursement changes, rules regarding prescription drug benefits under the health insurance exchanges, and fraud and abuse and enforcement. In addition, continued implementation of the Healthcare Reform Act may result in the expansion of new programs such as Medicare payment for performance initiatives, and may impact existing government healthcare programs, such as by improving the physician quality reporting system and feedback program.

Additional provisions of the Healthcare Reform Act may negatively affect our revenues from products that we or our partners commercialize in the future. For example, as part of the Healthcare Reform Act's provisions closing a coverage gap that currently exists in the Medicare Part D prescription drug program, manufacturers of branded prescription drugs are required to provide a 50% discount on branded prescription drugs dispensed to beneficiaries within this coverage gap. Medicare Part D is a prescription drug benefit available to all Medicare beneficiaries. It is a voluntary benefit that is implemented through private plans under contractual arrangements with the federal government. Similar to pharmaceutical coverage through private health insurance, Part D plans negotiate discounts from drug manufacturers and pass on some of those savings to Medicare beneficiaries. The Healthcare Reform Act also makes changes to the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, discussed in more detail below, including increasing the minimum rebate from 15.1% to 23.1% of the average manufacturer price for most innovator products. On February 1, 2016, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, the federal agency that administers the Medicare and Medicaid programs, issued final regulations to implement the changes to the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program under the Health Reform Act. These regulations became effective on April 1, 2016.

Many of the Healthcare Reform Act's most significant reforms did not take effect until 2014 or thereafter, and the resulting new programs and requirements will continue to evolve in the next few years. Some states have chosen not to expand their Medicaid programs by raising the income limit to 133% of the federal poverty level. In part because not all states have expanded their Medicaid programs, it is unclear whether there will be more uninsured patients than anticipated when Congress passed the Healthcare Reform Act. For each state that has opted not to expand its Medicaid program, there will be fewer insured patients overall. An increase in the proportion of uninsured patients who are prescribed products resulting from our proprietary or partnered programs could impact the future sales of any products that are commercialized in the future and our business and results of operations.

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Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement

In U.S. markets, our ability and that of our partners to commercialize our products successfully, and to attract commercialization partners for our products, depends in significant part on the availability of adequate financial coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors, including, in the U.S., governmental payors such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs, managed care organizations, and private health insurers.

Once we have an approved drug, we intend to participate in the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program. Under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, we will be required to pay a rebate to each state Medicaid program for our covered outpatient drugs that are dispensed to Medicaid beneficiaries and paid for by a state Medicaid program as a condition of having federal funds being made available to the states for our drugs under Medicaid and Medicare Part B. Those rebates are based on pricing data that would be reported by us on a monthly and quarterly basis to CMS. Federal law requires that any company that participates in the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program also participate in the Public Health Service’s 340B drug pricing discount program, or the 340B program, in order for federal funds to be available for the manufacturer’s drugs under Medicaid and Medicare Part B. The 340B program requires participating manufacturers to agree to charge statutorily-defined covered entities no more than the 340B “ceiling price” for the manufacturer’s covered outpatient drugs. The ceiling price can represent a significant discount and is based on the pricing data reporting to the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program.

The Healthcare Reform Act expanded the 340B program to include additional entity types: certain free-standing cancer hospitals, critical access hospitals, rural referral centers and sole community hospitals, each as defined by the Healthcare Reform Act. The Healthcare Reform Act exempts drugs designated under section 526 of the FDC Act as “orphan drugs” from the ceiling price requirements for these newly-eligible entities.

The Healthcare Reform Act also obligates HRSA to create regulations and processes to improve the integrity of the 340B program and to update the agreement that manufacturers must sign to participate in the 340B program. HRSA issued a proposed regulation in 2015 regarding the calculation of the 340B ceiling price and the imposition of civil monetary penalties on manufacturers that knowingly and intentionally overcharge covered entities. HRSA has indicated it plans to issue the final regulation regarding these topics in 2016. HRSA in 2015 also released proposed omnibus guidance that addresses many aspects of the 340B program. HRSA has indicated it plans to release the omnibus guidance in final form in 2016. HRSA recently issued a proposed regulation regarding an administrative dispute resolution process for the 340B program. Any final regulations and guidance could affect our obligations under the 340B program in ways we cannot anticipate. In addition, legislation may be introduced that, if passed, would further expand the 340B program to additional covered entities or otherwise expand the 340B program.

Federal law also requires that for a drug manufacturer’s products to be eligible for payment with federal funds under the Medicaid and Medicare Part B programs and to be purchased by certain federal agencies and grantees, the manufacturer must participate in the Department of Veterans Affairs Federal Supply Schedule, or FSS, pricing program, established by Section 603 of the Veterans Health Care Act of 1992. Manufacturers that participate in the FSS pricing program must list their covered (innovator) drugs on an FSS contract and charge no more than Federal Ceiling Price, or FCP, to the Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense, Public Health Service, and Coast Guard when those agencies purchase from the FSS contract or a depot contract. FCP is calculated based on non-federal average manufacturer price data, which manufacturers must submit quarterly and annually. In addition, if our products become available in the retail pharmacy setting when they are commercialized, we would be required to provide rebates to the Department of Defense for prescriptions dispensed to Tricare beneficiaries from Tricare retail network pharmacies under the Tricare Retail Refund Program. These programs obligate the manufacturer to pay rebates and offer its drugs at certain prices to certain federal purchasers. To the extent we choose to participate in these government healthcare programs, these and other requirements may affect our ability to profitably sell any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval.

Pricing and rebate calculations vary among products and programs. The calculations are complex and will often be subject to interpretation by us, governmental or regulatory agencies and the courts. If we become aware that our reporting of pricing data for a prior quarter was incorrect, we will be obligated to resubmit the corrected data. For the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, corrected data must be submitted for a period not to exceed 12 quarters from the quarter in which the data originally were due. Such restatements and recalculations increase our costs for

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complying with the laws and regulations governing the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and other governmental pricing programs.

We may be liable for errors associated with our submission of pricing data. If we are found to have knowingly submitted false pricing data to the Medicaid program or the FSS pricing program, we may be liable for civil monetary penalties in the amount of up to $100,000 per item of false information. Our failure to submit pricing data to the Medicaid program or the FSS pricing program on a timely basis could result in a civil monetary penalty of $10,000 per day for each day the information is late. Such failure also could be grounds for CMS to terminate our Medicaid drug rebate agreement, which is the agreement under which we would participate in the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program. In the event that CMS terminates our rebate agreement, federal payments may not be available under Medicaid or Medicare Part B for our covered outpatient drugs. We cannot assure you that our submissions will not be found to be incomplete or incorrect.

Third-party payors decide which drugs they will pay for and establish reimbursement and co-pay levels. Third-party payors are increasingly challenging the prices charged for medical products and services and examining their cost effectiveness, in addition to their safety and efficacy. We may need to conduct expensive pharmacoeconomic studies in order to demonstrate the cost effectiveness of our products. Even with such studies, any of our products that are commercialized may be considered less safe, less effective or less cost-effective than other products, and third-party payors may not provide coverage and reimbursement, in whole or in part, for our products.

Political, economic and regulatory influences are subjecting the healthcare industry in the U.S. to fundamental changes. There have been, and we expect there will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals to change the healthcare system and reimbursement systems in ways that could impact our ability and that of our partners to profitably sell commercialized products.

Payors also are increasingly considering new metrics as the basis for reimbursement rates, such as average sales price, average manufacturer price and actual acquisition cost. It is difficult to project the impact of these evolving reimbursement mechanics on the willingness of payors to cover any of our products that are commercialized.

In addition, we anticipate that a significant portion of our or our partners' revenue from sales of commercialized products will be obtained through government payors, including Medicaid, and any failure to qualify for reimbursement for products we are able to commercialize under those programs would have a material adverse effect on revenues and royalties from sales of such products.

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Interactions with Healthcare Providers

Healthcare providers, physicians and others often play a primary role in the recommendation and prescription of pharmaceutical products. Manufacturers of branded prescription drugs are subject to broadly applicable fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations that may constrain the business or financial arrangements and relationships through which manufacturers market, sell and distribute the products for which they obtain marketing approval. Some of the laws and regulations that may affect our ability to operate are described below.

Anti-Kickback Laws

The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits, among other things, persons from knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting, or receiving remuneration, directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind, to induce or reward the purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for the purchase, lease, or order of any health care item or service reimbursable under federal healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. The term “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, and the government can establish a violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute without proving that a person or entity had actual knowledge of the law or specific intent to violate it. This statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements between pharmaceutical manufacturers on the one hand and prescribers, purchasers and formulary managers on the other. There are a number of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting certain common activities from prosecution or other regulatory sanctions, however, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make the conduct per se illegal under the Anti-Kickback Statute, but the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis based on the totality of the facts and circumstances. A number of states also have anti-kickback laws that establish similar prohibitions that may apply to items or services reimbursed by government programs, as well as any third-party payors, including commercial payors.

False Claims Act

The federal civil False Claims Act prohibits, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented false or fraudulent claims for payment of government funds and knowingly making, or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement to get a false claim paid. Certain marketing practices may implicate the federal civil False Claims Act, including promotion of pharmaceutical products for unapproved uses, providing free product to customers with the expectation that the customer would bill federal programs for the product, or inflating prices report to private price publication services used to set drug reimbursement rates under federal healthcare programs. In addition, the Healthcare Reform Act amended the Social Security Act to provide that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Actions under the False Claims Act may be brought by the government or as a qui tam action by a private individual in the name of the government. False Claims Act liability is potentially significant in the healthcare industry because the statute provides for treble damages and mandatory penalties of $5,500 to $11,000 per false claim or statement, which will increase to a range of $10,781 to $21,563 for violations after November 2, 2015, and assessed after August 1, 2016. Because of the potential for large monetary exposure, healthcare companies often resolve allegations without admissions of liability for significant and sometimes material amounts to avoid the uncertainty of treble damages and per claim penalties that may awarded in litigation proceedings. They may be required, however, to enter into corporate integrity agreements with the government, which may impose substantial costs on companies to ensure compliance. Pharmaceutical companies also are subject to other federal false claim laws, including laws that impose criminal penalties, including imprisonment and criminal fines, for making or presenting a false or fictitious or fraudulent claim to the federal government.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created federal criminal statutes that prohibit among other actions, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private third-party payors, knowingly and willfully embezzling or stealing from a healthcare benefit program, willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense, and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services.

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Physician Payment Sunshine Act

The federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act requires manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program to report annually (with certain exceptions) to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, information related to payments or other ‘‘transfers of value’’ made to physicians and teaching hospitals, and requires applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations to report annually to CMS ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members and payments or other ‘‘transfers of value’’ to such physician owners.

Analogous State and Foreign Laws

The majority of states also have statutes or regulations similar to the federal laws described above, including state anti-kickback and false claims laws. These state laws apply to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs, or, in several states, apply regardless of the payor. In addition, a number of states require pharmaceutical companies to report expenses relating to the marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products and to report gifts and payments to individual physicians in the states. Other states restrict when pharmaceutical companies may provide meals to prescribers or engage in other marketing related activities, or require pharmaceutical companies to implement compliance programs or marketing codes of conduct. Outside the U.S., we are subject to similar regulations in those countries where we market and sell products.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, prohibits U.S. corporations and their representatives and intermediaries from offering, promising, authorizing or making payments to any foreign government official, government staff member, political party or political candidate in an attempt to obtain or retain business abroad. The scope of the FCPA includes interactions with certain healthcare professionals in many countries. Other countries have enacted similar anti-corruption laws and/or regulations.

Efforts to ensure that business activities and business arrangements comply with applicable healthcare laws and regulations can be costly for manufacturers of branded prescription products. If a manufacturer's operations, including activities conducted by its sales team, are found to be in violation of any of these laws or any other governmental regulations that apply to the company, the company may be subject to significant civil, criminal and administrative sanctions, including imprisonment, monetary penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and the curtailment or restructuring of operations.

Other Regulatory Requirements

We are also subject to regulation by other regional, national, state and local agencies, including the U.S. Department of Justice, the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and other regulatory bodies. Our current and future partners are subject to many of the same requirements.

In addition, we are subject to other regulations, including regulations under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or USDA, the Toxic Substance Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and regulations under other federal, state and local laws.

Violations of any of the foregoing requirements could result in penalties being assessed against us.

Intellectual Property

Our success depends in part on our ability to protect our potential drug candidates, other intellectual property rights and our proprietary software technologies. To establish and protect our proprietary technologies and products, we rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality provisions in our contracts with collaborators.

Our patent strategy is designed to protect inventions, technology and improvements to inventions that are commercially important to our business in countries where we believe it is commercially reasonable and advantageous

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to do so. We have numerous U.S. patents and patent applications related to our clinical-stage programs as well as numerous patent applications and counterpart patent filings which relate to our preclinical programs and proprietary technologies. These patents and patent applications include claims directed to compositions of matter, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of treatment, and methods of making these compositions for multiple applications.

We have two issued U.S patents covering filanesib and related molecules, and their equivalent counterparts issued or pending in dozens of countries. These patents include composition of matter, method of treatment and combination therapy claims, which will expire on various dates in 2025. We believe that patent term extension under the Hatch-Waxman Act could be available to extend our patent exclusivity for filanesib to at least 2030 in the United States depending on timing of our first approval. In Europe, we believe that patent term extension under a supplementary protection certificate could be available for an additional five years to at least 2030. Additionally, other patent applications are directed to methods of using filanesib and other combination therapies, which, if issued, have expiration dates between 2033 and 2034, excluding any patent term adjustment.

We have issued U.S. patents covering binimetinib, selumetinib and related molecules and their equivalent counterparts issued or pending in dozens of countries. These patents include composition of matter, method of treatment and synthetic method claims, which will expire on various dates in 2023 and 2024. We have also filed patent applications directed to methods of manufacturing, and to intermediates useful for manufacturing, binimetinib and selumetinib, which will expire on various dates in 2026 and 2027.

We own or have license rights under issued patents covering encorafenib and related molecules, as well and their equivalent counterparts in dozens of countries. These patents include composition of matter, method of treatment and combination therapy claims, which will expire on various dates in 2031. We believe that patent term extension under the Hatch-Waxman Act could be available to extend our patent exclusivity for encorafinib to at least 2036 in the United States. In Europe, we believe that patent term extension under a supplementary protection certificate could be available for an additional five years to at least 2036. Additionally, other patent applications are directed to methods of using encorafenib, combination therapies and formulations, which, if issued, have expiration dates between 2032 and 2034, excluding any patent term adjustment.

We have issued patents covering ARRY-797 and related molecules and their equivalent counterparts in dozens of countries. These patents include composition of matter and method of treatment claims, which will expire on various dates in 2023. We believe that patent term extension under the Hatch-Waxman Act could be available to extend our patent exclusivity for ARRY-797 to at least 2028 in the United States. In Europe, we believe that patent term extension under a supplementary protection certificate could be available for an additional five years to at least 2028.

Additionally, AstraZeneca has filed other patent applications directed to selumetinib, including patent applications of which we are not aware. Patent term extension under the Hatch-Waxman Act in the United States and in Europe under a supplementary protection certificate could be available for each of our partners to extend patent exclusivity for these clinical candidates. AstraZeneca is entitled to decide which patent covering its product candidate will be subject to such efforts and whether to file other patent applications directed at its product candidate. Our partners do not share information with us about the status or results of their respective efforts to seek additional patent protection. Therefore, information we report regarding the patent status of these partnered drug development programs is limited to our efforts to obtain patent protection.

In addition, we have several hundred additional patents and patent applications filed worldwide, substantially all of which pertain to our product development programs. Any patents that may issue from our pending patent applications would expire no earlier than 2023, excluding any patent term extension. These patents and patent applications disclose compositions of matter, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of use and synthetic methods, as well as various salt and polymorphic forms of clinical candidates.

U.S. patents issued from applications filed on or after June 8, 1995, have a term of 20 years from the application filing date or earlier claimed priority. All of our patent applications were filed after June 8, 1995. Patents in most other countries have a term of 20 years from the date of filing of the patent application. Because the time from filing patent applications to issuance of patents is often several years, this process may result in a period of patent protection significantly shorter than 20 years, which may adversely affect our ability to exclude competitors from our markets. Currently, none of our patents covering drugs currently under development will expire prior to 2023. Our success

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will depend in part upon our ability to develop proprietary products and technologies and to obtain patent coverage for these products and technologies. We intend to continue to file patent applications covering newly-developed products and technologies. We may not, however, commercialize the technology underlying any or all of our existing or future patent applications.

Patents provide some degree of protection for our proprietary technology. However, the pursuit and assertion of patent rights, particularly in areas like pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, involve complex legal and factual determinations and, therefore, are characterized by some uncertainty. In addition, the laws governing patentability and the scope of patent coverage continue to evolve, particularly in biotechnology. As a result, patents may not be issued from any of our patent applications or from applications licensed to us. The scope of any of our patents, if issued, may not be sufficiently broad to offer meaningful protection. In addition, our patents or patents licensed to us, if they are issued, may be successfully challenged, invalidated, circumvented or rendered unenforceable so that our patent rights might not create an effective competitive barrier. Moreover, the laws of some foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the U.S. Any patents issued to us or our strategic partners may not provide a legal basis for establishing an exclusive market for our products or provide us with any competitive advantages. Moreover, the patents held by others may adversely affect our ability to do business or to continue to use our technologies freely. In view of these factors, our intellectual property positions bear some degree of uncertainty.

The source code for our proprietary software programs is protected both as a trade secret and as a copyrighted work. We attempt to protect our trade secrets by entering into confidentiality agreements with our employees, third parties and consultants. Our employees also sign agreements requiring that they assign to us their interests in inventions, original expressions and any corresponding patents and copyrights arising from their work for us. However, it is possible that these agreements may be breached, invalidated or rendered unenforceable and if so, we may not have an adequate remedy available. Despite the measures we have taken to protect our intellectual property, parties to our agreements may breach the confidentiality provisions or infringe or misappropriate our patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other proprietary rights. In addition, third parties may independently discover or invent competing technologies or reverse-engineer our trade secrets or other technology. The failure of our employees, our consultants or third parties to maintain secrecy of our drug discovery and development efforts may compromise or prevent our ability to obtain patent coverage for our invention.

Employees

As of June 30, 2017, we had 209 full-time employees. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements and we consider our employee relations to be good.

Our Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301 and our phone number is (303) 381-6600. We were founded in 1998 and became a public company in November 2000. Our stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol "ARRY."

Available Information

Electronic copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other documents we file with or furnish to the SEC are available free of charge: (i) on the "Investor Relations" section of our website at http://www.arraybiopharma.com; or (ii) by sending a written request to Investor Relations at our corporate headquarters. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report.

Additionally, the documents we file or furnish with the SEC are available free of charge at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington D.C. 20549, or can be accessed free of charge on the website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. Other information on the operation of the Public Reference Room is available by calling the SEC at (800) SEC-0330.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other factors discussed elsewhere in this report and in other reports we file with the SEC, the following factors could cause our actual results or events to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. In addition, other risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may impair our business and operations. If any of the following risks or such other risks occur, it could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as cause the value of our common stock to decline.

Risks Related to Our Business

If we need but are unable to obtain additional funding to support our operations, we could be required to reduce our research and development activities or curtail our operations and it may lead to uncertainty about our ability to continue to operate as a going concern.

We have expended substantial funds to discover and develop our drug candidates and additional substantial funds will be required for further development, including preclinical testing and clinical trials, of any product candidates we develop internally and to build our commercialization capabilities. Additional funds will be required to manufacture and market any products we own or retain rights to that are approved for commercial sale. Because the successful development of our products is uncertain, we are unable to precisely estimate the actual funds we will require to develop and potentially commercialize them.

We have historically funded our operations from up-front fees and license and milestone payments received under our drug collaborations and license agreements, the sale of equity securities, and debt provided by convertible debt and other credit facilities. Management believes that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2017 will enable us to continue to fund operations in the normal course of business for at least the next 12 months from the date of filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Until we can generate sufficient levels of cash from current operations, which we do not expect to achieve in the foreseeable future, and because sufficient funds may not be available to us when needed from existing collaborations, we expect that we will be required to continue to fund our operations in part through the sale of debt or equity securities and through licensing select programs that include up-front and/or milestone payments. Our ability to obtain additional funding when needed, changes to our operating plans, our existing and anticipated working capital needs, the acceleration or modification of our planned research and development activities or expenditures, increased expenses or other events may affect our need for additional capital in the future and may require us to seek additional funding sooner than anticipated.

Our ability to successfully raise sufficient funds through the sale of debt or equity securities or from debt financing from lenders when needed is subject to many risks and uncertainties and, even if we are successful, future equity issuances would result in dilution to our existing stockholders. We also may not successfully consummate new collaboration or license agreements that provide for up-front fees or milestone payments, or we may not earn milestone payments under such agreements when anticipated, or at all. Our ability to realize milestone or royalty payments under existing agreements and to enter into new arrangements that generate additional revenue through up-front fees and milestone or royalty payments is subject to a number of risks, many of which are beyond our control. For example, in August 2013, we reduced our workforce by approximately 20% as part of our efforts to fund our discovery organization with strategic collaborations and focus internally on progressing our hematology and oncology programs to later stage development. If we are unable to generate enough revenue from our existing or new collaborations when needed or secure additional sources of funding, it may be necessary to significantly reduce our current rate of spending through further reductions in staff and delaying, scaling back or stopping certain research and development programs, including more costly Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials on our wholly-owned or co-development programs as these programs progress into later stage development. These events may result in an inability to maintain a level of liquidity necessary to continue operating our business and the loss of all or a part of the investment of our stockholders in our common stock and may result in a reduction in the value of our 3.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020. In addition, if we are unable to maintain certain levels of cash and marketable securities, our obligations under our loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank may be accelerated.

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We have a history of operating losses and may not achieve or sustain profitability.

We have incurred significant operating and net losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception. As of June 30, 2017, we had an accumulated deficit of $918.7 million. We expect to incur additional losses and negative cash flows in the future, and these losses may continue or increase in part due to anticipated levels of expenses for research and development, particularly clinical development and expansion of our clinical and scientific capabilities to support ongoing development of our programs. As a result, we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability.

We may not receive royalty or milestone revenue under our collaboration and license agreements for several years, or at all.

Much of our current revenue is non-recurring in nature and unpredictable as to timing and amount. Several of our collaboration and license agreements provide for payments on achievement of development or commercialization milestones and for royalties on product sales. However, because none of our drug candidates has been approved for commercial sale, many of our drug candidates are at early stages of development and drug development entails a high risk of failure, we may never realize much of the milestone revenue provided for in our collaboration and license agreements and we do not expect to receive any royalty revenue for several years, if at all. Similarly, drugs we select to commercialize ourselves or partner for later stage co-development and commercialization may not generate revenue for several years, or at all.

We or our partners may choose not to commercialize a drug candidate at any time during development, which would reduce or eliminate our potential return on investment for that drug.

At any time, we or our partners may decide to discontinue the development of a drug candidate or not to commercialize a candidate. If we terminate a program in which we have invested significant resources, we will not receive any return on our investment and we will have missed the opportunity to have allocated those resources to potentially more productive uses. If one of our partners terminates a program, we will not receive any future milestone payments or royalties relating to that program under our agreement with that party. Even if one of our drug candidates receives regulatory approval for marketing, physicians or consumers may not find that its effectiveness, ease of use, side-effect profile, cost or other factors make it effective in treating disease or more beneficial than, or preferable to, other drugs on the market. Additionally, third-party payors, such as government health plans and health insurance plans or maintenance organizations, may choose not to include our drugs on their formulary lists for reimbursement. As a result, our drugs may not be used or may be used only for restricted applications.

Our partners have substantial control and discretion over the timing and the continued development and marketing of drug candidates we have licensed to them and, therefore, over the timing and whether we receive anticipated milestone payments and/or royalties.

Our partners have significant discretion in determining the efforts and amount of resources that they dedicate to our collaborations and, therefore, whether we will receive milestone payments and any royalties when anticipated, or at all. Our partners may decide not to proceed with clinical development or commercialization of a particular drug candidate for any number of reasons that are beyond our control, even under circumstances where we might have continued such a program. In addition, our receipt of milestone payments and royalties from our partners depends on their ability to establish the safety and efficacy of our drug candidates, obtain regulatory approvals and achieve market acceptance of products developed from our drug candidates. We also depend on our partners to manufacture clinical scale quantities of some of our drug candidates and would depend on them in the future for commercial scale manufacture, distribution and direct sales. In addition, we may not be apprised of the development or commercialization activities or strategies of our partners and, as a result, our assumptions regarding the anticipated receipt of milestone payments or royalties may be incorrect.

We face additional risks in connection with our collaborations, including the following:


•	partners may develop and commercialize, either alone or with others, products and services that are similar to, or competitive with, the products that are the subject of the collaboration with us;


•	partners may not commit sufficient resources to the testing, marketing, distribution or other development of our drug candidates;

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•	partners may not properly maintain or defend intellectual property rights we license to them or they may utilize our proprietary information in such a way as to invite litigation that could jeopardize or potentially invalidate our intellectual property or proprietary information or expose us to potential liability;


•	partners may encounter conflicts of interest, changes in business strategy or other business issues which could adversely affect their willingness or ability to fulfill their obligations to us (for example, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies historically have re-evaluated their priorities following mergers and consolidations, which have been common in recent years in these industries);


•	partners are subject to many of the risks described under the heading below "Risks Related to Our Industry" and any adverse effects on our partners in connection with their regulatory obligations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and ability to commercialize our products; and


•	disputes may arise between us and our partners delaying or terminating the research, development or commercialization of our drug candidates, resulting in significant litigation or arbitration that could be time-consuming and expensive, or causing partners to act in their own self-interest and not in the interest of holders of our securities.

We expect to continue to spend significantly on our proprietary drug candidates.

We are committing significant resources to create our own proprietary drug candidates and to build a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company, in particular after regaining binimetinib and acquiring encorafenib in March 2015. We have built our clinical and discovery programs through spending $1.1 billion from our inception through June 30, 2017. In fiscal 2017, we spent $178.2 million in research and development for proprietary programs, compared to $160.7 million and $54.4 million for fiscal years 2016 and 2015, respectively. We expect to continue to spend significant funds on further development of binimetinib and encorafenib and our other proprietary programs. Additionally, we expect to spend significant funds building our commercialization capabilities. Our proprietary programs are in development and are unproven. Thus, despite significant spending on the development of our proprietary programs and building commercialization capabilities, the drugs may not be approved for marketing and sale or, even if approved, may not result in a commercially successful drug or provide the expected return on our investment. Our ability to continue to fund our planned spending on our proprietary drug programs and in building our commercial capabilities depends to a large degree on up-front fees, milestone payments and other revenue we receive as a result of our partnered programs and on our ability to raise additional funds through sales of our equity securities or issuance of debt.

We may not be successful in entering into additional out-license agreements on favorable terms, which may adversely affect our liquidity or require us to change our spending priorities on our proprietary programs.

Our liquidity depends in part on our ability to enter into license agreements that include up-front milestone and/or royalty payments. We have 17 ongoing partner-funded clinical programs, and we plan to continue initiatives to partner select clinical and preclinical stage programs to obtain additional capital or fund further development. We may not be successful, however, in entering into additional out-licensing agreements with favorable terms, including up-front, milestone, royalty and/or license payments and the retention of certain valuable commercialization or co-promotion rights, as a result of factors, many of which are outside of our control. These factors include:


•	our ability to create valuable proprietary drugs targeting large market opportunities;


•	strategic decisions to allocate more of our resources to the further development of our proprietary programs and building our commercialization capabilities as our drugs advance;


•	research and spending priorities of potential licensing partners;


•	willingness of, and the resources available to, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to in-license drug candidates to fill their clinical pipelines;


•	the success or failure, and timing, of preclinical and clinical trials for our proprietary programs we intend to out-license; or


•	our ability or inability to generate proof-of-concept data and to agree with a potential partner on the value of proprietary drug candidates we are seeking to out-license, or on the related terms.

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If we are unable to enter into out-licensing agreements and realize milestone, license and/or up-front fees when anticipated, it may adversely affect our liquidity and we may be forced to curtail or delay development of all or some of our proprietary programs, which in turn may harm our business and the value of our stock and our 3% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020. In addition, insufficient funds may require us to relinquish greater rights to product candidates at an earlier stage of development or on less favorable terms to us or holders of our securities than we would otherwise choose to obtain funding for our operations.

We may not out-license our proprietary programs at the most appropriate time to maximize the total value or return of these programs to us.

An aspect of our business strategy is to out-license drug candidates for further development, co-development and/or commercialization to obtain the highest possible value while also evaluating earlier out-licensing opportunities to maximize our risk-adjusted return on our investment in proprietary research. Because the costs and risk of failure of bringing a drug to market are high, the value of out-licensing a drug candidate generally increases as it successfully progresses through clinical trials.

We may choose or be forced to out-license a drug candidate or program on terms that require us to relinquish commercial or market rights or at a point in the research and development process that does not provide as great a value or return than what might have been obtained if we had further developed the candidate or program internally. Likewise, we may decline, or be unable to obtain favorable, early out-licensing opportunities in programs that do not result in a commercially viable drug, which could leave the resulting program with little or no value even though significant resources were invested in its development. Our inability to successfully out-license our programs on favorable terms could materially adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt.

In June 2013, we issued $132.3 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020, or the 2020 Notes, to investors pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement filed with the SEC. Interest is payable on the 2020 Notes semi-annually and the 2020 Notes mature on June 1, 2020, unless redeemed or converted prior to that date. In addition, if an event considered a Fundamental Change under the 2020 Notes occurs, holders of the 2020 Notes may require us to purchase for cash all or any portion of their 2020 Notes at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2020 Notes to be purchased plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the Fundamental Change purchase date. As of June 30, 2017, all $132.3 million principal amount of the 2020 Notes remained outstanding. We also have a term loan with Silicon Valley Bank under which $15.0 million is outstanding as of June 30, 2017 and have issued Subordinated Convertible Promissory Notes to Redmile Capital Offshore Fund II, Ltd. and Redmile Biopharma Investments I, L.P. under which $10.0 million principal and $0.4 million accrued interest is outstanding as of June 30, 2017.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of interest and principal on our indebtedness, including the 2020 Notes, or to pay the redemption price for the 2020 Notes on a Fundamental Change, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. We may not have sufficient cash in the future to service our debt and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow or secure additional sources of funding, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as significantly reducing our current rate of spending through further reductions in staff, delaying, scaling back or stopping certain research and development programs, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.

Many of our drug candidates are at early stages of development and we may not successfully develop a drug candidate that becomes a commercially viable drug.

The drug discovery and development process is highly uncertain and we have not developed, and may never develop, a drug candidate that ultimately leads to a commercially viable drug. Although our most advanced drug candidates are in Phase 3 studies, we do not have any drugs approved for commercial sale and many of our other drug candidates are in the early stages of development. Before a drug product is approved by the FDA for commercial marketing, it

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is tested for safety and effectiveness in clinical trials that can take up to six years or longer. Promising results in preclinical development or early clinical trials may not be predictive of results obtained in later clinical trials. A number of pharmaceutical companies have experienced significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after obtaining promising results in earlier preclinical studies and clinical trials. At any time, we, the FDA, an IRB or other regulatory body may temporarily or permanently stop the trial, for a variety of reasons, principally for safety concerns. We or our partners may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, the clinical development process that could delay or prevent our drug candidates from being approved, including:


•	failure to achieve clinical trial results that indicate a candidate is effective in treating a specified condition or illness in humans;


•	presence of harmful side effects;


•	determination by the FDA that the submitted data do not satisfy the criteria for approval;


•	lack of commercial viability of the drug;


•	failure to acquire, on reasonable terms, intellectual property rights necessary for commercialization;


•	existence of alternative therapeutics that are more effective; and


•	if a drug candidate requires a companion diagnostic test for approval, failure to obtain approval for the companion diagnostic test.

As our product candidates advance to later stage clinical trials, it is customary that various aspects of the development program, such as manufacturing, formulation and other processes, and methods of administration, may be altered to optimize the candidates and processes as part of scale-up necessary for later stage clinical trials and potential approval and commercialization. These changes may not produce the intended optimization, including production of drug substance and drug product of a quality and in a quantity sufficient for Phase 3 clinical stage development or for commercialization, which may cause delays in the initiation or completion of clinical trials and greater costs. We may also need to conduct "bridging studies" to demonstrate comparability between newly manufactured drug substance and/or drug product for commercialization relative to previously manufactured drug substance and/or drug product for clinical trials. Demonstrating comparability may require us to incur additional costs or delay initiation or completion of clinical trials and, if unsuccessful, could require us to complete additional preclinical studies or clinical trials.

Our capital requirements could significantly increase as internal spending on our proprietary programs increases.

We believe that the maximum value for certain proprietary drug candidates is best achieved by retaining the rights to develop and commercialize the candidate and not seeking a partner or by waiting until later in the development process to seek a partner to co-develop and commercialize or co-promote a product. It is difficult to predict which of our proprietary programs are likely to yield higher returns if we elect to develop them further before seeking a partner or to not seek a partner at all as a result of many factors, including the competitive position of the product, our capital resources, the perceived value among potential partners of the product and other factors outside of our control. Therefore, we expect to continue to fund, solely or primarily at our expense, further development, clinical trials, manufacturing and marketing activities for promising proprietary candidates and that our spending on these activities will increase as the programs are developed further and near regulatory approval. However, these efforts may not result in a greater return to Array than if we had chosen to out-license those programs. In addition, we may choose not to out-license certain of our proprietary programs if we are unable to do so on terms that are favorable to us. As a result, our requirements for capital could increase significantly. We may be unable to raise additional required capital to fund this additional development on favorable terms, or at all, however, or we may be required to substantially reduce our development efforts, which would delay, limit or prevent our ability to commercialize and realize revenue from our drug candidates.

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Because we rely on a small number of partners for a significant portion of our revenue, if one or more of our major partners terminates or reduces the scope of its agreement with us, our revenue may significantly decrease.

A relatively small number of partners account for a significant portion of our revenue. Novartis accounted for 72% and 81% of our total revenue and Loxo accounted for 11% and 9% of our total revenue for fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively. We expect that revenue from a limited number of partners, including Novartis, Pierre Fabre, and Loxo will account for a large portion of our revenue in future quarters. In general, our partners may terminate their contracts with us upon 60 to 180 days’ notice for a number of reasons or no reason, which would eliminate future milestone or royalty revenue under the collaboration. In addition, certain of our partners do not generate revenue or sufficient revenue to cover their operating expenses and their ability to continue to fund milestone and other payments under our agreements with them depends on their ability to raise funds through the issuance of debt or equity securities or from other sources. To the extent such funding is not available to these partners when needed, they may not be able to fund their obligations to us and we would therefore not realize revenue when anticipated or at all under our agreement with them.

If our drug discovery and development programs do not progress as anticipated, our revenue, stock price and the value of the 2020 Notes could be negatively impacted.

We estimate the timing of a variety of preclinical, clinical, regulatory and other milestones for planning purposes, including when a drug candidate is expected to enter clinical trials, when patient enrollment will commence or be complete, when a clinical trial will be completed, when and if additional clinical trials will commence, or when an application for regulatory approval will be filed. We base our estimates on facts that are currently known to us and on a variety of assumptions that may prove not to be correct for a variety of reasons, many of which are beyond our control. For example, delays in the development of drugs by Array or our partners may be caused by regulatory or patent issues, negative or inconclusive interim or final results of on-going clinical trials, scheduling conflicts with participating clinics and the availability of patients who meet the criteria for and the rate of patient enrollment in, clinical trials and the development priorities of our partners. In addition, in preparing these estimates we rely on the timeliness and accuracy of information and estimates reported or provided to us by our partners concerning the timing, progress and results of clinical trials or other development activities they conduct under our collaborations with them. If we or our partners do not achieve milestones when anticipated, or if our partners choose to terminate a program, we may not achieve our planned revenue, our expenses could be higher than anticipated and our stock price could decline. In addition, any delays in obtaining approvals to market and sell drugs may result in the loss of competitive advantages in being on the market sooner than, or in advance of, competing products, which may reduce the value of these products and the potential revenue we receive from the eventual sale of these products, either directly or under agreements with our partners.

We may not be able to recruit and retain the experienced scientists and management we need to compete in the drug research and development industry.

We have 209 full-time employees as of June 30, 2017, and our future success depends upon our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly-skilled scientists and management. Our ability to achieve our business strategies, including progressing drug candidates through later stage development or commercialization, attracting new partners and retaining, renewing and expanding existing collaborations, depends on our ability to hire and retain high caliber scientists and other qualified experts, particularly in clinical development and commercialization. We compete with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, contract research companies and academic and research institutions to recruit personnel and face significant competition for qualified personnel, particularly clinical development personnel. We may incur greater costs than anticipated, or may not be successful, in attracting new scientists or management or in retaining or motivating our existing personnel. In addition, we periodically review our existing workforce in light of the current and anticipated needs of our business and may make strategic changes to its size and scope in an effort to use our capital more efficiently.

Our future success also depends on the personal efforts and abilities of the principal members of our senior management and scientific staff to provide strategic direction, manage our operations and maintain a cohesive and stable environment. In particular, we rely on the services of Ron Squarer, our Chief Executive Officer; Jason Haddock, our Chief Financial Officer; Dr. Victor Sandor, our Chief Medical Officer; Dr. Nicholas Saccomano, our Chief Scientific

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Officer; Andrew Robbins, our Chief Operating Officer; and John R. Moore, our Vice President and General Counsel. We have employment agreements with each of these employees that are terminable upon 30 days’ prior notice.

Our liquidity and results of operations is dependent on the full and timely collection of the Company’s receivables from Novartis.

As a result of the asset transfer agreements with Novartis, which included the reimbursement by Novartis of significant costs we incur for the development of binimetinib and encorafenib, we anticipate recording significant accounts receivable from Novartis on a monthly basis. If the Company is unable to collect its accounts receivable from Novartis in full and on a timely basis, there could be a negative impact on our liquidity and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Clinical Development Activities and Obtaining Regulatory Approval for Our Programs

We have limited later-stage clinical development and commercialization experience.

One of our business strategies is to develop select drug candidates through later stage clinical trials before out-licensing them to a pharmaceutical or biotechnology partner for further clinical development and commercialization and to commercialize select drug candidates ourselves. We have limited experience conducting later-stage clinical trials and obtaining regulatory approvals and we may not be successful in some or all of these activities. We expect to spend significant amounts to recruit and retain high quality personnel with clinical development experience. We have no experience as a company in the sales, marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical products and do not currently have a sales and marketing organization. Developing commercialization capabilities is expensive and time-consuming and may be more expensive and time consuming than we anticipate, requiring us to divert resources from other intended purposes. Any failure to develop or difficulties or delays in developing or optimizing these capabilities could delay any product launch and adversely impact the successful commercialization of our product candidates. To the extent we are unable to or determine not to develop these resources internally, we may be forced to rely on third-party clinical research or marketing organizations, which could subject us to costs and to delays that are outside our control. If we are unable to establish adequate capabilities independently or with others, we may be unable to generate product revenues for certain candidates.

If we or our partners fail to adequately conduct clinical trials, regulatory approvals necessary for the sale of drugs may not be obtained when anticipated, or at all, which would reduce or eliminate our potential return on that program.

Before any of our drug candidates can be sold commercially, we or our partners must conduct clinical trials that demonstrate that the drug is safe and effective for use in humans for the indications sought. The results of these clinical trials are the basis to obtain regulatory approval from government authorities such as the FDA. Conducting clinical trials is a complex, time-consuming and expensive process that requires an appropriate number of trial sites and patients to support the product label claims being sought. The length of time, number of trial sites and number of patients required for clinical trials vary substantially according to their type, complexity, novelty and the drug candidate’s intended use and therefore, we may spend several years completing certain trials. Further, the time within which we or our partners can complete our clinical trials depends in large part on the ability to enroll eligible patients who meet the enrollment criteria and who are in proximity to the trial sites. We and our partners also face competition with other clinical trials for eligible patients. As a consequence, there may be limited availability of eligible patients, which can result in increased development costs, delays in regulatory approvals and associated delays in drug candidates reaching the market. Patients may also suffer adverse medical events or side effects in the course of clinical trials that may delay or prohibit regulatory approval of our drug candidates. Even if we or our partners successfully conduct clinical trials, we or our partners may not obtain favorable clinical trial results and may not be able to obtain regulatory approval on this basis.

In addition, we plan to conduct further clinical trial activities in territories outside the U.S. through third-party clinical trial service providers that contract with clinical sites and enroll patients in foreign jurisdictions, including Eastern Europe and South America, and may do so in new geographic locations where our experience conducting clinical trials is more limited. Some of these foreign jurisdictions may impose requirements on us or our third-party clinical trial service providers or contract manufacturers that are more stringent than those imposed by the FDA, which may delay the development and approval of our drug candidates.

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If we or our partners fail to adequately manage the increasing number, size and complexity of clinical trials, the clinical trials and corresponding regulatory approvals may be delayed or we or our partners may fail to gain approval for our drug candidates altogether. If we or our partners are unable to market and sell our drug candidates or are unable to obtain approvals in the time frame needed to execute our product strategies, our business and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing could result in increased costs to us and delay or limit our ability to generate revenues.

Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing of our products or products of our partners, including any Phase 3 or pivotal trials for binimetinib and/or encorafenib, selumetinib (partnered with AstraZeneca) danoprevir (partnered with Intermune/Roche Holding AG), ipatasertib (partnered with Genentech), and larotrectinib (partnered with Loxo Oncology) could significantly affect our product development costs and our ability to generate revenue. We do not know whether the FDA will agree with the trial designs for ongoing and planned clinical trials or whether planned clinical trials will begin on time or be completed on schedule, if at all. The commencement and completion of clinical trials can be delayed for a number of reasons, including delays related to the ability of Array or our partners to do the following:


•	provide sufficient safety, efficacy or other data regarding a drug candidate to support the commencement of a Phase 3 or other clinical trial;


•	reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract manufacturers, CROs and trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different third parties;


•	select CROs, trial sites and, where necessary, contract manufacturers that do not encounter any regulatory compliance problems;


•	manufacture sufficient quantities of a product candidate for use in clinical trials;


•	obtain IRB approval to conduct a clinical trial at a prospective site;


•	recruit and enroll patients to participate in clinical trials, which can be impacted by many factors outside our or our partners’ control, including competition from other clinical trial programs for the same or similar indications;


•	retain patients who have initiated a clinical trial but may be prone to withdraw due to side effects from the therapy, lack of efficacy or personal issues; and


•	develop and validate a companion diagnostic test for a drug candidate that requires one.

Clinical trials may also be delayed as a result of ambiguous or negative interim results. In addition, a clinical trial may be suspended or terminated by us or our partner, the FDA, an IRB, a clinical trial site with respect to that site, or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including:


•	failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements, including GCP, or our protocols;


•	inspection of the clinical trial operations, trial sites or manufacturing facility by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in findings of non-compliance and the imposition of a clinical hold;


•	unforeseen safety issues or results that do not demonstrate efficacy; and


•	lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial.

Additionally, we or our partners may need to amend clinical trial protocols for a variety of reasons, including to reflect changes in regulatory requirements and guidance. Such amendments may require us to, for example, resubmit our clinical trial protocols to IRBs for reexamination, which may impact the costs, timing or successful completion of a clinical trial. If we experience delays in completion of, or if we terminate, any of our clinical trials, the commercial prospects for our product candidates may be harmed and our ability to generate product revenues will be delayed and/or reduced. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of a product candidate.

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Drug candidates that we develop with our partners or on our own may not receive regulatory approval.

The development and commercialization of drug candidates with our partners and through our own internal drug discovery efforts are subject to regulation. Pharmaceutical products require lengthy and costly testing in animals and humans and regulatory approval by governmental agencies prior to commercialization. It takes several years to complete testing and failure can occur at any stage of the testing. Results attained in preclinical testing and early clinical trials for any of our drug candidates may not be indicative of results that are obtained in later studies and significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials may arise, even after promising results in earlier studies. Clinical trials may not demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals or result in marketable products. Furthermore, data obtained from preclinical and clinical studies are susceptible to varying interpretations that may delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. For example, following our submission of NDAs for binimetinib and encorafinib in BRAF-mutant melonoma, we continue to work with the FDA as they review the submissions. We may also experience other delays in obtaining regulatory review or approval or receive a determination from the FDA not to approve binimetinib in this indication. For a drug candidate that requires a companion diagnostic test, we may not be able to obtain approval for the drug if the FDA does not approve or clear its corresponding companion diagnostic test. In addition, the administration of any drug candidate we develop may produce undesirable side effects or safety issues that could result in the interruption, delay or suspension of clinical trials, or the failure to obtain FDA or other regulatory approval for any or all targeted indications. Based on results at any stage of testing, we or our partners may decide to repeat or redesign a trial or discontinue development of a drug candidate.

Approval of a drug candidate as safe and effective for use in humans is never certain and regulatory agencies may delay or deny approval of drug candidates for commercialization. These agencies may also delay or deny approval based on additional government regulation or administrative action, changes in regulatory policy during the period of clinical trials in humans and regulatory review, or the availability of alternative treatments. None of our partners has obtained regulatory approval to manufacture and sell drug candidates owned by us or identified or developed under an agreement with us. If we or our partners cannot obtain this approval, we will not realize milestone or royalty payments based on commercialization goals for these drug candidates.

Delays or failures in validating, developing and obtaining regulatory approval for the BRAF-mutant melanoma companion diagnostic test could harm the prospects for approval and commercialization of binimetinib for BRAF-mutant melanoma.

We are developing a BRAF melanoma companion diagnostic test for use with our product candidate binimetinb for BRAF-mutant melanoma. Companion diagnostics typically are subject to regulation by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities as medical devices and require separate regulatory approval prior to commercialization. We may encounter difficulties in developing and obtaining approval for the BRAF melanoma companion diagnostic test, including, but not limited to, issues related to selectivity/specificity, analytical validation, reproducibility, or clinical validation. Any delay or failure by us to develop or obtain regulatory approval of the companion diagnostic test could delay or prevent approval of our product candidate binimetinib. Even if we obtain approval of the companion diagnostic test and transfers the test to a vendor of our designation, that vendor may encounter production difficulties that could constrain the supply of the companion diagnostic. The vendor and/or we also may have difficulties gaining acceptance of the use of the companion diagnostic in the clinical community. If the companion diagnostic fails to gain market acceptance, it could have an adverse effect on our ability to derive revenues from sales of our product candidate binimetinib, if approved, for use in BRAF-mutant melanoma. In addition, the vendor we designate could decide to discontinue selling or manufacturing the companion diagnostic or our relationship with such vendor may otherwise terminate. We may be delayed in identifying another vendor, or we may not be able to enter into arrangements with another vendor to maintain supply of the companion diagnostic, which could adversely affect our commercialization of binimetinib for BRAF-mutant melanoma, if it is approved for that use.

Even if our drug candidates obtain regulatory approval, we and our partners will be subject to ongoing government regulation, including federal and state fraud and abuse laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws.

Even if regulatory authorities approve any of our drug candidates, the manufacture, labeling, storage, recordkeeping, reporting, distribution, advertising, promotion, marketing, sale, import and export of these drugs will be subject to strict and ongoing regulation. If we, our partners, our product candidates or the manufacturing facilities for our product candidates fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, a regulatory agency may suspend any ongoing

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clinical trials; issue warning letters or untitled letters; suspend or withdraw regulatory approval; refuse to approve pending applications or supplements to applications; suspend or impose restrictions on operations; seize or detain products, prohibit the export or import of products, or require us to initiate a product recall; seek other monetary or injunctive remedies; or impose civil or criminal penalties.

Compliance with ongoing regulation consumes substantial financial and management resources and may expose us and our partners to the potential for other adverse circumstances. For example, approval for a drug may be conditioned on costly post-marketing follow-up studies. Based on these studies, if a regulatory authority does not believe that the drug demonstrates an appropriate benefit-risk profile to patients, it could limit the indications for which a drug may be sold or revoke the drug’s marketing approval. In addition, identification of certain side effects after a drug is on the market may result in the subsequent withdrawal of approval, reformulation of a drug, additional preclinical and clinical trials, changes in labeling or distribution. Alternatively, we may be required by the FDA to develop and implement a REMS to ensure the safe use of our products.

REMS may include costly risk management measures such as enhanced safety surveillance, restricted distribution and use, patient education, enhanced labeling, special packaging or labeling, expedited reporting of certain adverse events, pre-approval of promotional materials and restrictions on direct-to-consumer advertising. Any of these requirements could delay or prevent us from generating revenue, or limit the revenue, from the commercialization of these drugs and cause us to incur significant additional costs.

In addition, the marketing of these drugs by us or our partners may be heavily scrutinized by the FDA, the Department of Justice, the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Inspector General, state attorneys general, members of Congress and the public. Our promotional activities will be regulated by federal and state laws pertaining to health care “fraud and abuse,” such as:

•

the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind, to induce or reward either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, items or services for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under federal healthcare programs, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The term “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, and the government can establish a violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute without proving that a person or entity had actual knowledge of the law or specific intent to violate it;

•

the federal civil False Claims Act, which prohibits, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, false or fraudulent claims for payment of government funds or knowingly making, using or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement to get a false claim paid. There are also criminal penalties, including imprisonment and criminal fines, for making or presenting a false or fictitious or fraudulent claim to the federal government;


•	the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which created federal criminal laws that prohibit, among other actions, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program including private third-party payors;

•

the federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act, which requires manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program to report annually (with certain exceptions) to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, information related to payments or other ‘‘transfers of value’’ made to physicians and teaching hospitals, and requires applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations to report annually to CMS ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members and payments or other ‘‘transfers of value’’ to such physician owners;


•	the federal Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions, which generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials and/or other persons for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business; and

•

analogous state and foreign law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws some of which apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers; state laws that require pharmaceutical manufacturers to comply with the industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the applicable compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government or otherwise restrict payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential

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referral sources; and state laws that require pharmaceutical manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers or marketing expenditures, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.

Additional information about these laws is provided above under the heading “Interactions with Healthcare Providers.”

The complexity of U.S. federal and state laws governing our business continues to increase, and additional governmental resources are being committed to enforce these laws and to prosecute companies and individuals who are believed to be violating them. Violations of these laws can result in costly litigation, and significant criminal, civil and administrative sanctions, including fines and/or imprisonment, monetary penalties, damages, exclusion from participation in federal health care programs, and burdensome reporting and compliance obligations. Even if we are not found to be in violation of these laws, responding to lawsuits, government investigations, and enforcement actions would be expensive and time-consuming, and could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, operations, and growth prospects.

If our drug candidates do not gain market acceptance, we may be unable to generate significant revenue.

Even if our drug candidates are approved for sale, they may not be successful in the marketplace. Market acceptance of any of our drug candidates will depend on a number of factors including:


•	demonstration of clinical effectiveness and safety;


•	potential advantages of our drug candidates over alternative treatments;


•	ability to offer our drug candidates for sale at competitive prices;


•	availability of adequate third-party reimbursement; and


•	effectiveness of marketing and distribution methods for the products.

If our drug candidates do not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients and others in the medical community, our ability to generate meaningful revenues from our drug candidates would be limited.

Third-party manufacturers we rely on may encounter failures or difficulties in manufacturing or formulating clinical development and commercial supplies of drugs, which could delay the clinical development or regulatory approval of our drug candidates, or their ultimate commercial production if approved.

We rely on third parties to manufacture our drug candidates. In June 2015, we sold our chemical, manufacturing and controls activities and no longer have manufacturing facilities that can produce quantities of API and finished drug product for large-scale clinical trials. We therefore contract with third-party manufacturers to produce larger quantities of API for us. Some of these manufacturers are located outside the U.S. and may obtain ingredients from suppliers in other foreign countries before shipping the bulk API to Array in the U.S. Cross-border shipments of pharmaceutical ingredients and products are subject to regulation in the U.S. by the FDA and in foreign jurisdictions, including, in the EU, under laws adopted by the EU Member States implementing the Community Code on Medicinal Products Directive 2001/83, as amended. These foreign regulations generally impose various requirements on us and/or our third-party manufacturers. In some cases, for example in the EU, there are cGMP requirements that exceed the requirements of the FDA. In other cases, we must provide confirmation that we are registered with the FDA and have either an IND application or an approved NDA. Third-party manufacturers may lack capacity to meet our needs, go out of business or fail to perform. In addition, supplies of raw materials needed for manufacturing or formulation of clinical supplies may not be available or may be in short supply.

Accordingly, we must either develop such manufacturing facilities, which will require substantial additional funds, or rely on third-party manufacturers for the production of drug candidates. Furthermore, should we obtain FDA approval for any of our drug candidates, we expect to rely, at least to some extent, on third-party manufacturers for commercial production. Our dependence on others for the manufacture of our drug candidates may adversely affect our ability to develop and deliver such drug candidates on a timely and competitive basis.

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Any performance failure on the part of a third-party manufacturer could delay clinical development, regulatory approval or, ultimately, sales of our or our partners’ drug candidates. Third-party manufacturers may encounter difficulties involving production yields, regulatory compliance, lot release, quality control and quality assurance, as well as shortages of qualified personnel. Approval of our drug candidates could be delayed, limited or denied if the FDA does not approve our or a third-party manufacturer’s processes or facilities. Moreover, the ability to adequately and timely manufacture and supply drug candidates is dependent on the uninterrupted and efficient operation of the manufacturing facilities, which is impacted by many manufacturing variables including:


•	availability or contamination of raw materials and components used in the manufacturing process, particularly those for which we have no other source or supplier;


•	capacity of our facilities or those of our contract manufacturers;


•	facility contamination by microorganisms or viruses or cross contamination;


•	compliance with regulatory requirements, including Form 483 notices and Warning Letters;


•	changes in forecasts of future demand;


•	timing and actual number of production runs;


•	production success rates and bulk drug yields; and


•	timing and outcome of product quality testing.

In addition, our third-party manufacturers may encounter delays and problems in manufacturing our drug candidates or drugs for a variety of reasons, including accidents during operation, failure of equipment, delays in receiving materials, natural or other disasters, political or governmental changes, or other factors inherent in operating manufacturing facilities. Supply chain management is complex, and involves sourcing from a number of different companies and foreign countries. Commercially available starting materials, reagents and excipients may become scarce or more expensive to procure, and we may not be able to obtain favorable terms in agreements with contractors and subcontractors. Our third-party manufacturers may not be able to operate our respective manufacturing facilities in a cost-effective manner or in a time frame that is consistent with our expected future manufacturing needs. If our third-party manufacturers cease or interrupt production or if our third-party manufacturers and other service providers fail to supply materials, products or services to us for any reason, such interruption could delay progress on our programs, or interrupt the commercial supply, with the potential for additional costs and lost revenues. If this were to occur, we may also need to seek alternative means to fulfill our manufacturing needs.

We may not be able to enter into agreements for the manufacture of our drug candidates with manufacturers whose facilities and procedures comply with applicable law. Manufacturers are subject to ongoing periodic unannounced inspection by the FDA, the Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, and corresponding state and foreign authorities to ensure strict compliance with cGMP and other applicable government regulations and corresponding foreign standards. We do not have control over a third-party manufacturer’s compliance with these regulations and standards. If one of our manufacturers fails to maintain compliance, the contract manufacturer could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, the production of our drug candidates could be interrupted or suspended, or our product could be recalled or withdrawn, among other potential consequences, and any of these events could result in delays, additional costs and potentially lost revenues.

Our development, testing and manufacture of drug candidates may expose us to product liability and other lawsuits.

We develop, test and manufacture drug candidates that are generally intended for use in humans. Our drug discovery and development activities, including clinical trials we or our partners conduct, that result in the future manufacture and sale of drugs by us or our partners expose us to the risk of liability for personal injury or death to persons using these drug candidates. We may be required to pay substantial damages or incur legal costs in connection with defending any of these product liability claims, or we may not receive revenue from expected royalty or milestone payments if the commercialization of a drug is limited or ceases as a result of such claims. We have product liability insurance that contains customary exclusions and provides coverage up to $10 million per occurrence and in the aggregate, which we believe is customary in our industry for our current operations. However, our product liability insurance does not cover every type of product liability claim that we may face or loss we may incur and may not

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adequately compensate us for the entire amount of covered claims or losses or for the harm to our business reputation. We may be unable to acquire additional or maintain our current insurance policies at acceptable costs or at all.

Due to our reliance on CROs and other third parties to conduct our clinical trials, we are unable to directly control the timing, conduct and expense of our clinical trials.

We rely primarily on third parties to manufacture API and drug product and to conduct our clinical trials. As a result, we have had and will continue to have less control over the conduct of our clinical trials, the timing and completion of the trials, the required reporting of adverse events and the management of data developed through the trial than would be the case if we were relying entirely upon our own staff. Communicating with outside parties can also be challenging, potentially leading to mistakes, as well as difficulties in coordinating activities. Outside parties may have staffing difficulties, may undergo changes in priorities or may become financially distressed, adversely affecting their willingness or ability to conduct our trials. We may experience unexpected cost increases that are beyond our control. Problems with the timeliness or quality of the work of a contract manufacturing or contract research organization may lead us to seek to terminate the relationship and use an alternative service provider. However, making this change may be costly and may delay our trials and contractual restrictions may make such a change difficult or impossible. Additionally, it may be impossible to find a replacement organization that can conduct our trials in an acceptable manner and at an acceptable cost.

Controls we or our third-party service providers have in place to ensure compliance with laws may not be effective to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

The discovery and development of our products, together with our general operations, are subject to extensive regulation in the U.S. by state and federal agencies and in foreign countries. Due to escalating costs and difficulties associated with conducting certain types of clinical trials in the U.S., we conduct certain clinical trials in foreign locations where we have little experience, including countries in Eastern Europe and South America. We expect that we typically will conduct these trials through third-party clinical trial service providers. In addition, we purchase from third-party suppliers and manufacturers that are located outside the U.S., principally countries in Europe, intermediate and bulk API that are used in our development efforts and we contract with third-party service providers to prepare finished drug product, including packaging and labeling. As a result, we and our contractors are subject to regulations in the U.S. and in the foreign countries in which the API is sourced and manufactured relating to the cross-border shipment of pharmaceutical ingredients. Although we have developed and instituted controls, we cannot assure you that we, our employees, our consultants or our contractors will operate at all times in full compliance with all potentially applicable U.S. federal and state regulations and/or laws or all potentially applicable foreign regulations and/or laws. Further, we have a limited ability to monitor and control the activities of third-party service providers, suppliers and manufacturers to ensure compliance by such parties with all applicable regulations and/or laws. We may be subject to direct liabilities or be required to indemnify such parties against certain liabilities arising out of any failure by them to comply with such regulations and/or laws. If we or our employees, consultants or contractors fail to comply with any of these regulations and/or laws a range of consequences could result, including, but not limited to, the suspension or termination of clinical trials, failure to obtain approval of a product candidate, restrictions on our products or manufacturing processes, withdrawal of our products from the market, significant fines, exclusion from government healthcare programs or other sanctions or litigation.

If our use of chemical and hazardous materials violates applicable laws or regulations or causes personal injury we may be liable for damages.

Our drug discovery activities, including the analysis and synthesis of chemical compounds, involve the controlled use of chemicals, including flammable, combustible, toxic and radioactive materials that are potentially hazardous. Our use, storage, handling and disposal of these materials is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations, including the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act and local fire codes and regulations promulgated by the Department of Transportation, the DEA, the Department of Energy, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment and the Colorado Department of Human Services, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division. We may incur significant costs to comply with these laws and regulations in the future. In addition, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials, which could result in material unanticipated expenses, such as substantial fines or penalties, remediation costs or damages, or the loss of a permit or other authorization to operate or engage in our business. Those expenses could exceed our net worth and limit our ability to raise additional capital.

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Our operations could be interrupted by damage to our specialized laboratory facilities.

Our operations depend on the continued use of our highly specialized laboratories and equipment in Boulder, Colorado. Catastrophic events, including fires or explosions, could damage our laboratories, equipment, scientific data, work in progress or inventories of chemical compounds and may materially interrupt our business. We employ safety precautions in our laboratory activities in order to reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of these catastrophic events; however, we cannot eliminate the chance that such an event will occur. The availability of laboratory space in Boulder is limited and rebuilding our facilities could be time consuming and result in substantial delays in fulfilling our agreements with our partners. We maintain business interruption insurance in the amount of $15 million to cover continuing expenses and lost revenue caused by such occurrences. However, this insurance does not compensate us for the loss of opportunity and potential harm to customer relations that our inability to meet our partners’ needs in a timely manner could create.

Risks Related to Our Drug Discovery Activities

Revenue from collaborations depends on the extent to which the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries collaborate with other companies for one or more aspects of their drug discovery process.

Our capabilities include aspects of the drug discovery process that pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have traditionally performed internally. The willingness of these companies to expand or continue drug discovery collaborations to enhance their research and development process is based on several factors that are beyond our control, any of which could cause our revenue to decline. These include their ability to hire and retain qualified scientists, the resources available for entering into drug discovery collaborations and the spending priorities among various types of research activities. In addition, our ability to convince these companies to use our drug discovery capabilities, rather than develop them internally, depends on many factors, including our ability to:


•	develop and implement drug discovery technologies that will result in the identification of higher quality drug candidates;


•	attract and retain experienced, high caliber scientists;


•	achieve timely, high-quality results at an acceptable cost; and


•	design, create and manufacture our chemical compounds in quantities, at purity levels and at costs that are acceptable to our partners.

The importance of these factors varies depending on the company and type of discovery program and we may be unable to meet any or all of them in the future. Even if we are able to address these factors, these companies may still decide to perform these activities internally or retain other companies that provide drug research and development expertise similar to ours.

Our research and development capabilities may not produce viable drug candidates.

We have entered into several research and development collaborations under which we provide drug discovery and development services to identify drug candidates for our partners. We also seek to identify and develop drug candidates for our proprietary programs. It is uncertain whether we will be able to provide drug discovery more efficiently or create high quality drug candidates that are suitable for our or our partners' purposes, which may result in delayed or lost revenue, loss of partners or failure to expand our existing relationships. Our ability to create viable drug candidates for ourselves and our partners depends on many factors, including the implementation of appropriate technologies, the development of effective new research tools, the complexity of the chemistry and biology, the lack of predictability in the scientific process and the performance and decision-making capabilities of our scientists. Our information-driven technology platform, which we believe allows our scientists to make better decisions, may not enable our scientists to make correct decisions or develop viable drug candidates.

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Risks Related to Our Industry

The concentration of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry and any further consolidation could reduce the number of our potential partners.

There are a limited number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and these companies represent a significant portion of the market for our capabilities. The number of our potential partners could decline even further through consolidation among these companies. If the number of our potential partners declines even further, they may be able to negotiate greater rights to the intellectual property they license from us, price discounts or other terms that are unfavorable to us.

Capital market conditions may reduce our biotechnology partners' ability to fund research and development.

Traditionally, many unprofitable biotechnology companies have funded their research and development expenditures through raising capital in the debt and equity markets. These markets have historically been volatile and declines in these markets may severely restrict their ability to raise new capital and to continue to expand or fund existing research and development efforts. If our current or future biotechnology partners are unable to raise sufficient capital to fund research and development expenditures, we may not be able to expand or maintain current revenue.

Health care reform, including those based on recently enacted legislation and cost control initiatives by third-party payors, could reduce the prices that can be charged for drugs, which could limit the commercial success of our drug candidates.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, together the "Healthcare Reform Act", substantially change the way health care is financed by both governmental and private insurers and significantly impacts the pharmaceutical industry. The Healthcare Reform Act contains a number of provisions that are expected to impact our business and operations, in some cases in ways we cannot currently predict. Changes that may affect our business include those governing enrollment in federal healthcare programs, mandatory discounts on pharmaceuticals under federal health care programs, reimbursement changes, rules regarding prescription drug benefits under the health insurance exchanges, and fraud and abuse enforcement. In addition, continued implementation of the Healthcare Reform Act may result in the expansion of new programs such as Medicare payment for performance initiatives, and may impact existing government healthcare programs, such as by improving the physician quality reporting system and feedback program.

Additional provisions of the Healthcare Reform Act may negatively affect any revenues from products we or our partners are able to commercialize in the future. For example, as part of the Healthcare Reform Act’s provisions closing a coverage gap that currently exists in the Medicare Part D prescription drug program, manufacturers of branded prescription drugs are required to provide a 50% discount on drugs dispensed to beneficiaries within this coverage gap. The Healthcare Reform Act also expanded the 340B pricing program to include additional entity types, as described below in the risk factor under the heading "Pharmaceutical companies are subject to significant ongoing health care regulatory obligations and oversight, including reporting and payment obligations under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program or other governmental pricing programs, which may result in significant additional expense and limit our or their ability to commercialize our products".

Many of the Healthcare Reform Act's most significant reforms did not take effect until 2014 or thereafter, and the resulting new programs and requirements will continue to evolve in the next few years. On February 1, 2016, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, the federal agency that administers the Medicare and Medicaid programs, issued final regulations to implement the changes to the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program under the Health Reform Act. These regulations became effective April 1, 2016. Some states have chosen not to expand their Medicaid programs by raising the income limit to 133% of the federal poverty level. In part because not all states have expanded their Medicaid programs, it is unclear whether there will be more uninsured patients than anticipated when Congress passed the Healthcare Reform Act. For each state that has opted not to expand its Medicaid program, there will be fewer insured patients overall. An increase in the proportion of uninsured patients who are prescribed products resulting from our proprietary or partnered programs could impact future sales of any products that are commercialized in the future and our business and results of operations.

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Moreover, legislative changes to the Healthcare Reform Act remain possible. We expect that the Healthcare Reform Act, as currently enacted and as may be amended in the future, and other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future could have a material adverse effect on our industry generally and on the ability of Array or our partners to successfully commercialize product candidates or could limit or eliminate our future spending on development projects.

In addition to the Healthcare Reform Act, there will continue to be proposals by legislators at both the federal and state levels, regulators and third-party payors to keep healthcare costs down while expanding individual healthcare benefits. Certain of these changes could limit the prices that can be charged for drugs we develop or the amounts of reimbursement available for these products from governmental agencies or third-party payors, or may increase the tax obligations on pharmaceutical companies, or may facilitate the introduction of generic competition with respect to products we are able to commercialize, and so may limit our commercial opportunity and reduce any associated revenue and profits.

In some countries other than the U.S., reimbursement, pricing and profitability of prescription pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals are subject to government control. We are unable to predict what additional legislation or regulation, if any, relating to the healthcare industry or third-party coverage and reimbursement may be enacted in the future or what effect such legislation or regulation would have on our business.

Also, we expect managed care plans will continue to put pressure on the pricing of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products due to a trend toward managed health care, the increasing influence of health maintenance organizations and additional legislative proposals. Cost control initiatives could decrease the price that we, or any potential partners, receive for any of our future products, which could adversely affect our profitability. These initiatives may also have the effect of reducing the resources that pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can devote to in-licensing drug candidates and the research and development of new drugs, which could reduce our resulting revenue. Any cost containment measures or other reforms that are adopted could have a negative impact on our ability to commercialize successfully our products or could limit or eliminate our spending on development of new drugs and affect our profitability.

Other legislation affecting government expenditures more broadly have the potential to affect negatively our product revenues and prospects for continued profitability. For example, beginning April 1, 2013, Medicare payments for all items and services, including drugs and biologicals, have been reduced by 2% under the sequestration (i.e., automatic spending reductions) required by the Budget Control Act of 2011, Pub. L. No. 112-25, or BCA, as amended by the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, Pub. L. 112-240, or ATRA. The BCA requires sequestration for most federal programs, excluding Medicaid, Social Security, and certain other programs, because Congress failed to enact legislation by January 15, 2012, to reduce federal deficits by $1.2 trillion over ten years. Subsequent legislation extended the 2% reduction, on average, to 2025. These sequestration cuts could adversely impact payment for products that we or our partners are able to commercialize, which could negatively impact our revenue.

We, or our partners, may not obtain favorable reimbursement rates for our drug candidates.

The commercial success of our drug candidates will depend on the availability and adequacy of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors, including government and private insurance plans. Third-party payors are increasingly challenging the prices charged for pharmaceuticals and other medical products. Our products may be considered less cost-effective than existing products and, as such, coverage and reimbursement to the patient may not be available or be sufficient to allow the sale of our products on a competitive basis or on a profitable basis.

In addition, the market for our drug candidates will depend significantly on access to third-party payors’ drug formularies, or lists of medications for which third-party payors provide coverage and reimbursement. Industry competition to be included in such formularies can result in downward pricing pressures on pharmaceutical companies. As such, we cannot provide assurances that our products will be placed on third-party payors' formularies. To the extent that our products are listed on third-party payors' formularies, we or our partners may not be able to negotiate favorable reimbursement rates for our products. If we, or our partners, fail to obtain an adequate level of reimbursement for our products by third-party payors, sales of the drugs would be adversely affected or there may be no commercially viable market for the products.

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Payors also are increasingly considering new metrics as the basis for reimbursement rates, such as average sales price, or ASP, average manufacturer price, or AMP, and Actual Acquisition Cost. Certain states have begun to survey acquisition cost data for the purpose of setting Medicaid reimbursement rates. CMS surveys and publishes National Average Drug Acquisition Cost, or NADAC, files, which reflect retail community pharmacy invoice costs, on a weekly basis. It may be difficult to project the impact of these evolving reimbursement mechanics on the willingness of payors to cover candidate products that we or our partners are able to commercialize. As discussed above, to the extent that we or our partners participate in government pricing programs, recent legislative changes to the 340B drug pricing program, the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, and the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit also could impact our revenues. We anticipate that a significant portion of revenue from sales of drugs that we or our partners are able to commercialize may be obtained through government payors, including Medicaid, and any failure to qualify for reimbursement for those products under those programs would have a material adverse effect on our sales revenues and royalties.

The drug research and development industry has a history of patent and other intellectual property litigation and we may be involved in costly intellectual property lawsuits.

The drug research and development industry has a history of patent and other intellectual property litigation and we believe these lawsuits are likely to continue. Legal proceedings relating to intellectual property would be expensive, take significant time and divert management's attention from other business concerns. Because we produce drug candidates for a broad range of therapeutic areas and provide many different capabilities in this industry, we face potential patent infringement suits by companies that control patents for similar drug candidates or capabilities or other suits alleging infringement of their intellectual property rights. There could be issued patents of which we are not aware that our products infringe or patents that we believe we do not infringe that we are ultimately found to infringe. Moreover, patent applications are in many cases maintained in secrecy for 18 months after filing or even until patents are issued. The publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature frequently occurs substantially later than the date on which the underlying discoveries were made and patent applications were filed. Because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending applications of which we are unaware that may later result in issued patents that we infringe with our products. In addition, technology created under our research and development collaborations may infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties, in which case we may not receive milestone or royalty revenue from those collaborations.

If we do not prevail in an infringement lawsuit brought against us, we might have to pay substantial damages, including triple damages, and we could be required to stop the infringing activity or obtain a license to use the patented technology or redesign our products so as not to infringe the patent. We may not be able to enter into licensing arrangements at a reasonable cost or effectively redesign our products. Any inability to secure licenses or alternative technology could delay the introduction of our products or prevent us from manufacturing or selling products.

The intellectual property rights we rely on to protect our proprietary drug candidates and the technology underlying our tools and techniques may be inadequate to prevent third parties from using our technology or developing competing capabilities or to protect our interests in our proprietary drug candidates.

Our success depends in part on our ability to protect patents and maintain the secrecy of proprietary processes and other technologies we develop for the testing and synthesis of chemical compounds in the drug discovery process. We currently have numerous U.S. patents and patent applications on file with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, as well as around the world.

Any patents that we may own or license now or in the future may not afford meaningful protection for our drug candidates or our technology and tools. In order to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, we may have to initiate legal proceedings against third parties. Our efforts to enforce and maintain our intellectual property rights may not be successful and may result in substantial costs and diversion of management time. In addition, other companies may challenge our patents and, as a result, these patents could be narrowed, invalidated or deemed unenforceable, or we may be forced to stop using the technology covered by these patents or to license the technology from third parties. In addition, current and future patent applications on which we depend may not result in the issuance of patents in the U.S. or foreign countries. Even if our rights are valid, enforceable and broad in scope, competitors may develop drug candidates or other products based on similar research or technology that is not covered by our patents.

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Patent applications relating to or affecting our business may have been filed by a number of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies and academic institutions. A number of the technologies in these applications or patents may conflict with our technologies, patents or patent applications, which could reduce the scope of patent protection we could otherwise obtain. We could also become involved in interference proceedings in connection with one or more of our patents or patent applications to determine priority of inventions. We cannot be certain that we are the first creator of inventions covered by pending patent applications, or that we were the first to file patent applications for any such inventions.

Drug candidates we develop that are approved for commercial marketing by the FDA would be eligible for market exclusivity for varying time periods during which generic versions of a drug may not be marketed and we could apply to extend patent protection for up to five additional years under the provisions of the Hatch-Waxman Act. The Hatch-Waxman Act provides a means for approving generic versions of a drug once the marketing exclusivity period has ended and all relevant patents have expired.

Agreements we have with our employees, consultants and partners may not afford adequate protection for our trade secrets, confidential information and other proprietary information.

In addition to patent protection, we also rely on copyright and trademark protection, trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovation and licensing opportunities. In an effort to maintain the confidentiality and ownership of our trade secrets and proprietary information, we require our employees, consultants and advisors to execute confidentiality and proprietary information agreements. However, these agreements may not provide us with adequate protection against improper use or disclosure of confidential information and there may not be adequate remedies in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure. The failure by employees, consultants or advisors to maintain the secrecy of our confidential information may compromise or prevent our ability to obtain needed or meaningful patent protection. Furthermore, we may from time to time hire scientific personnel formerly employed by other companies involved in one or more areas similar to the activities we conduct. In some situations, our confidentiality and proprietary information agreements may conflict with, or be subject to, the rights of third parties with whom our employees, consultants or advisors have prior employment or consulting relationships. Although we require our employees and consultants to maintain the confidentiality of all proprietary information of their previous employers, these individuals, or we, may be subject to allegations of trade secret misappropriation or other similar claims as a result of their prior affiliations. Finally, others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets. Our failure or inability to protect our proprietary information and techniques may inhibit or limit our ability to compete effectively, or exclude certain competitors from the market.

The drug research and development industry is highly competitive and we compete with some companies that offer a broader range of capabilities and have better access to resources than we do.

The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are characterized by rapid and continuous technological innovation. We compete with many companies worldwide that are engaged in the research and discovery, licensing, development and commercialization of drug candidates. Some of our competitors have a broader range of capabilities and have greater access to financial, technical, scientific, regulatory, business development, recruiting and other resources than we do. Their access to greater resources may allow them to develop processes or products that are more effective, safer or less costly, or gain greater market acceptance, than products we develop or for which they obtain FDA approval more rapidly than we do. We anticipate that we will face increased competition in the future as new companies enter the market and advanced technologies become available.

If we fail to comply with data protection laws and regulations, we could be subject to government enforcement actions (which could include civil or criminal penalties), private litigation and/or adverse publicity, which could negatively affect or operating results and business.

Most health care providers, including research institutions from which we or our partners obtain patient information, are subject to privacy and security regulations promulgated under HIPAA, as amended by HITECH. Our clinical research efforts are not directly regulated by HIPAA. However, depending on the facts and circumstances, we could face substantial criminal penalties if we knowingly obtain, use or disclose individually identifiable health information maintained by a HIPAA-covered entity in a manner that is not authorized or permitted by HIPAA. In addition, we and our partners may be directly subject to certain data protection laws and regulations (i.e., laws and regulations that

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address privacy and data security). In the U.S., numerous federal and state laws and regulations that govern the collection, use, disclosure, and protection of health-related and other personal information could apply to our operations or the operations of our partners, including state data breach notification laws, state health information privacy laws, state genetic privacy laws, and federal and state consumer protection laws (e.g., Section 5 of the FTC Act). International data protection laws and regulations may also apply to some or all of the clinical data obtained outside of the U.S. For example, the EU Data Protection Directive, as implemented into national laws by the EU Member States, imposes strict obligations and restrictions on the ability to collect, analyze and transfer personal data, including health data from clinical trials and adverse event reporting. The EU Data Protection Directive prohibits the transfer of personal data to countries outside of the European Economic Area, or EEA, such as the U.S., which are not considered by the European Commission to provide an adequate level of data protection. Switzerland has adopted similar restrictions. Although there are legal mechanisms to allow for the transfer of personal data from the EEA and Switzerland to the U.S., a recent decision of the European Court of Justice that invalidated the safe harbor framework has increased uncertainty around compliance with EU privacy law requirements. As a result of the decision, it will no longer be possible to rely on safe harbor certification as a legal basis for the transfer of personal data from the EU to entities in the U.S. In addition, data protection authorities from the different EU Member States may interpret the EU Data Protection Directive and national laws differently, and guidance on implementation and compliance practices are often updated or otherwise revised, which adds to the complexity of processing personal data in the EU. In February 2016, the European Commission announced an agreement with the U.S. Department of Commerce, or DOC, to replace the invalidated Safe Harbor framework with a new EU-U.S. “Privacy Shield.” On July 12, 2016, the European Commission adopted a decision on the adequacy of the protection provided by the Privacy Shield. The Privacy Shield is intended to address the requirements set out by the European Court of Justice in its recent ruling by imposing more stringent obligations on companies, providing stronger monitoring and enforcement by the DOC and FTC, and making commitments on the part of public authorities regarding access to information. U.S. companies are able to certify to the DOC their compliance with the privacy principles of the Privacy Shield since August 1, 2016. In December 2015, a proposal for an EU General Data Protection Regulation, intended to replace the current EU Data Protection Directive, was agreed between the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission. The EU General Data Protection Regulation, which was officially adopted in April 2016 and will be applicable in May 2018, will introduce new data protection requirements in the EU, as well as substantial fines for breaches of the data protection rules. The EU General Data Protection Regulation will increase our responsibility and liability in relation to any personal data that we process, and we may be required to put in place additional mechanisms to ensure compliance with the new EU data protection rules.

Significant disruptions of information technology systems or security breaches could adversely affect our business.

We are dependent upon information technology systems, infrastructure and data to operate our business. In the ordinary course of business, we collect, store and transmit confidential information (including but not limited to intellectual property, proprietary business information and personal information). It is critical that we do so in a secure manner to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of such confidential information. We also have outsourced elements of our operations to third parties, and as a result we manage a number of third party vendors who may or could have access to our confidential information. The size and complexity of our information technology systems, and those of third party vendors with whom we contract, and the large amounts of confidential information stored on those systems, make such systems potentially vulnerable to service interruptions or to security breaches from inadvertent or intentional actions by our employees, third party vendors, and/or business partners, or from cyber-attacks by malicious third parties (including the deployment of harmful malware, denial-of-service attacks, social engineering and other means to affect service reliability and threaten the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information). Significant disruptions of our information technology systems or security breaches could adversely affect our business operations and/or result in the loss, misappropriation, and/or unauthorized access, use or disclosure of, or the prevention of access to, confidential information (including intellectual property, proprietary

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business information and personal information), and could result in financial, legal, business and reputational harm to us. Any such event that leads to unauthorized access, use or disclosure of personal information, including personal information regarding our patients or employees, could compel us to comply with federal and/or state breach notification laws and foreign law equivalents, subject us to mandatory corrective action, and otherwise subject us to liability under laws and regulations that protect the privacy and security of personal information, which could result in significant legal and financial exposure and reputational damages that could potentially have an adverse effect on our business.

Pharmaceutical companies are subject to significant ongoing health care regulatory obligations and oversight, including reporting and payment obligations under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program or other governmental pricing programs, which may result in significant additional expense and limit our or their ability to commercialize our products.

If we or any partners fail to comply with applicable federal, state, or local regulatory requirements, we could be subject to a range of regulatory actions that could affect our or any partners' ability to commercialize our products and could harm or prevent sales of any affected products that we are able to commercialize, or could substantially increase the costs and expenses of commercializing and marketing our products. Any threatened or actual government enforcement action could also generate adverse publicity and require that we devote substantial resources that could otherwise be used in other aspects of our business.

Once we have an approved drug, we intend to participate in the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, which will require us to pay a rebate to each state Medicaid program for our covered outpatient drugs that are dispensed to Medicaid beneficiaries and paid for by a state Medicaid program as a condition of having federal funds being made available to the states for our drugs under Medicaid and Medicare Part B. Those rebates are based on pricing data that would be reported by us on a monthly and quarterly basis to CMS. If we participate in the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, we must also participate in the Public Health Service’s 340B drug pricing discount program. The 340B pricing program requires participating manufacturers to agree to charge statutorily-defined covered entities no more than the 340B “ceiling price” for the manufacturer’s covered outpatient drugs, which can represent a significant discount and is based on the pricing data reporting to the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program.

The Healthcare Reform Act expanded the Public Health Service’s 340B drug pricing program to include additional entity types: certain free-standing cancer hospitals, critical access hospitals, rural referral centers and sole community hospitals, each as defined by the Healthcare Reform Act. The Healthcare Reform Act exempts drugs designated under section 526 of the FDC Act as “orphan drugs” from the ceiling price requirements for these newly-eligible entities.

The Healthcare Reform Act also obligates HRSA to create regulations and processes to improve the integrity of the 340B program and to update the agreement that manufacturers must sign to participate in the 340B program. HRSA issued a proposed regulation in 2015 regarding the calculation of the 340B ceiling price and the imposition of civil monetary penalties on manufacturers that knowingly and intentionally overcharge covered entities. HRSA has indicated it plans to issue the final regulation regarding these topics in 2016. HRSA in 2015 also released proposed omnibus guidance that addresses many aspects of the 340B program. . HRSA has indicated it plans to release the omnibus guidance in final form in 2016. HRSA recently issued a proposed regulation regarding an administrative dispute resolution process for the 340B program. Any final regulations and guidance could affect our obligations under the 340B program in ways we cannot anticipate. In addition, legislation may be introduced that, if passed, would further expand the 340B program to additional covered entities or otherwise expand the 340B program.

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retail network pharmacies under the Tricare Retail Refund Program. These programs obligate the manufacturer to pay rebates and offer its drugs at certain prices to certain federal purchasers. To the extent we choose to participate in these government healthcare programs, these and other requirements may affect our ability to profitably sell any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval.

If we fail to comply with our reporting and payment obligations under the Medicaid program or other governmental pricing programs, we could be subject to additional reimbursement requirements, penalties, sanctions and fines which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Pricing and rebate calculations vary among products and programs. The calculations are complex and will often be subject to interpretation by us, governmental or regulatory agencies and the courts. If we become aware that our reporting of pricing data for a prior quarter was incorrect, we will be obligated to resubmit the corrected data. For the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, corrected data must be submitted for a period not to exceed twelve quarters from the quarter in which the data originally were due. Such restatements and recalculations increase our costs for complying with the laws and regulations governing the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and other governmental pricing programs.

Risks Related to Our Stock and Our 2020 Notes

Our quarterly operating results could fluctuate significantly, which could cause our stock price and the value of the 2020 Notes to decline.

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future. Entering into collaborations typically involves significant technical evaluation and/or commitment of capital by our partners. Accordingly, negotiation can be lengthy and is subject to a number of significant risks, including partners' budgetary constraints and internal acceptance reviews and a significant portion of our revenue from these collaborations is attributable to up-front payments and milestones that are non-recurring. Further, some of our partners can influence when we deliver products and perform services or milestones are achieved and, therefore, when we receive revenue, under their contracts with us. Due to these factors, our operating results could fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter. In addition, we may experience significant fluctuations in quarterly operating results due to factors such as general and industry-specific economic conditions that may affect the research and development expenditures of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.

Due to the possibility of fluctuations in our revenue and expenses, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance. Our operating results in some quarters may not meet the expectations of stock market analysts and investors. If we do not meet analysts' and/or investors' expectations, our stock price and the value of our 2020 Notes could decline.

Because our stock price may be volatile, our stock price and the value of our 2020 Notes could experience substantial declines.

The market price of our common stock has historically experienced and may continue to experience volatility. The high and low sales prices for our common stock were $12.56 and $3.17, respectively, during fiscal 2017; $7.11 and $2.50, respectively, during fiscal 2016; and $8.59 and $2.98, respectively, during fiscal 2015. Our quarterly operating results, the success or failure of our internal drug discovery efforts, decisions to delay, modify or cease one or more of our development programs, negative data or adverse events reported on programs in clinical trials we or our

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partners are conducting, uncertainties about our ability to continue to fund our operating plan, changes in general conditions in the economy or the financial markets and other developments affecting our partners, our competitors or us could cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially. This volatility coupled with market declines in our industry over the past several years have affected the market prices of securities issued by many companies, often for reasons unrelated to their operating performance, and may adversely affect the price of our common stock and the value of our 2020 Notes. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted following periods of volatility in the market price of a company's securities. A securities class action suit against us could result in potential liabilities, substantial costs and the diversion of management's attention and resources, regardless of whether we win or lose.

Because we do not intend to pay dividends, stockholders will benefit from an investment in our common stock only if it appreciates in value.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and are restricted in our ability to do so under our Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank. We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business and do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, the success of an investment in our common stock will depend entirely upon any future appreciation. There is no guarantee that our common stock will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which stockholders have purchased their shares.

Conversion of the notes may dilute the ownership interest of our shareholders, including holders of 2020 Notes who convert their notes.

At our election, we may settle 2020 Notes tendered for conversion entirely or partly in shares of our common stock. As a result, the conversion of some or all of the 2020 Notes may dilute the ownership interests of existing shareholders. Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock and, in turn, the price of the 2020 Notes. In addition, the existence of the notes may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the 2020 Notes could depress the price of our common stock.

The accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as the 2020 Notes, could have a material effect on our reported financial results.

The 2020 Notes are accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 470-20, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options. Under ASC 470-20, an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of the convertible debt instruments (such as the 2020 Notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The effect of ASC 470-20 on the accounting for the 2020 Notes is that the equity component is required to be included in the additional paid-in capital section of stockholders’ equity on our balance sheet and the value of the equity component would be treated as original issue discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the notes. As a result, we will be required to record a greater amount of non-cash interest expense in current periods presented as a result of the amortization of the discounted carrying value of the 2020 Notes to their face amount over the term of the 2020 Notes. We will report lower net income in our financial results because ASC 470-20 will require interest to include both the current period’s amortization of the debt discount and the instrument’s coupon interest, which could adversely affect our reported or future financial results, the market price of our common stock and the trading price of the 2020 Notes.

In addition, under certain circumstances, convertible debt instruments (such as the 2020 Notes) that may be settled entirely or partly in cash are currently accounted for utilizing the treasury stock method, the effect of which is that the shares issuable upon conversion of the notes are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share except to the extent that the conversion value of the notes exceeds their principal amount. Under the treasury stock method, for diluted earnings per share purposes, the transaction is accounted for as if the number of shares of common stock that would be necessary to settle such excess, if we elected to settle such excess in shares, are issued. We cannot be sure that the accounting standards in the future will continue to permit the use of the treasury stock method. If we are unable to use the treasury stock method in accounting for the shares issuable upon conversion of the 2020 Notes, then our diluted earnings per share would be adversely affected.

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Certain provisions in the 2020 Notes and the related indenture as well as Delaware law and our organizational documents could delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial takeover or takeover attempt of us, which may not be in the best interests of our stockholders.

Certain provisions in the 2020 Notes and the indenture, as well as certain provisions of Delaware law and our organizational documents could make it more difficult or more expensive for a third party to acquire us. For example, if an acquisition event constitutes a fundamental change, holders of the 2020 Notes will have the right to require us to purchase their notes in cash. In addition, if an acquisition event constitutes a make-whole fundamental change, we may be required to increase the conversion rate for holders who convert their 2020 Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change.

Delaware law prohibits, subject to certain exceptions, a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder. Additionally, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could similarly delay, defer or discourage a change in control of us or management. These provisions could also discourage a proxy contest and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. Such provisions provide for the following, among other things: (i) the ability of our Board of Directors to issue shares of common stock and preferred stock without stockholder approval; (ii) the ability of our Board of Directors to establish the rights and preferences of authorized and unissued preferred stock; (iii) a Board of Directors divided into three classes of directors serving staggered three year terms; (iv) permitting only the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the president or the Board of Directors to call a special meeting of stockholders; and (v) requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals and related information. In any of these cases, and in other cases, our obligations under the 2020 Notes and the indenture, as well as provisions of Delaware law and our organizational documents and other agreements could increase the cost of acquiring us or otherwise discourage a third party from acquiring us or removing incumbent management.

At our election, we may settle 2020 Notes tendered for conversion entirely or partly in shares of our common stock. As a result, the conversion of some or all of the 2020 Notes may dilute the ownership interests of existing shareholders. Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock and, in turn, the price of the 2020 Notes. In addition, the existence of the 2020 Notes may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the 2020 Notes could depress the price of our common stock.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We are headquartered in Boulder, Colorado, where we currently lease 127 thousand square feet of office and laboratory space. Our Boulder lease expires on March 31, 2025 and includes an option to extend the lease for up to two terms of five years each. We also lease 7 thousand square feet of office space in Morrisville, North Carolina under a lease that expires in October 2017 and 2 thousand square feet of office space in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We may be involved, from time to time, in various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently a party to any such claims or proceedings that, if decided adversely to us, would either individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

PART II


ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information, Holders of Record and Dividends

Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol "ARRY." The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the range of the high and low sales prices for our common stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Market.



Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2017	High		Low
First Quarter	$	6.75	$	3.17
Second Quarter	$	8.80	$	5.38
Third Quarter	$	12.56	$	8.56
Fourth Quarter	$	9.07	$	6.96

Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016	High		Low
First Quarter	$	7.11	$	4.56
Second Quarter	$	5.48	$	3.83
Third Quarter	$	4.14	$	2.50
Fourth Quarter	$	3.85	$	2.74

As of August 4, 2017, there were approximately 53 holders of record of our common stock. This does not include the number of persons whose stock is in nominee or "street name" accounts through brokers.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and we do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, the terms of our Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank Bank and the terms of the 3.00% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2020 restrict our ability to pay cash dividends to our stockholders. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operations of our business and to fund future growth.

Stock Performance Graph

This stock performance graph shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of ours under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return for our common stock, the NASDAQ Global Markets' Composite (U.S. companies) Index, and the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index for the five-year period ended June 30, 2017. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on June 30, 2012 in the common stock of Array, the NASDAQ Composite Index and the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index. It also assumes that all dividends were reinvested.

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The stock price performance on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.



	6/30/2013	6/30/2014	6/30/2015	6/30/2016	6/30/17
Array BioPharma Inc.	202.68	203.57	321.88	158.93	373.66
NASDAQ Composite	122.71	158.94	179.80	174.60	172.32
NASDAQ Biotechnology	122.07	242.28	348.44	243.19	293.03

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected financial data is derived from our audited financial statements. These historical results do not necessarily indicate future results. You should read the selected financial data along with our financial statements and related notes, as well as "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Amounts are in thousands except per share data:



	Year Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2015			2014			2013
Revenue
License and milestone revenue	$	19,844		$	3,876		$	20,367		$	25,111		$	56,726
Reimbursement revenue	107,197			107,330			7,020			—			—
Collaboration and other revenue	23,811			26,673			24,522			16,967			12,854
Total revenue	150,852			137,879			51,909			42,078			69,580
Operating expenses
Cost of partnered programs	35,395			23,166			44,392			45,965			30,078
Research and development for proprietary programs	178,199			160,655			54,442			49,824			59,420
General and administrative	39,336			36,267			31,433			21,907			19,624
Total operating expenses	252,930			220,088			130,267			117,696			109,122
Gain on the Binimetinib and Encorafenib Agreements, net	—			—			80,010			—			—
Gain on sale of CMC, net	—			—			1,641			—			—
Income (loss) from operations	(102,078		)	(82,209		)	3,293			(75,618		)	(39,542		)
Other income (expense)
Impairment loss related to cost method investment	(1,500		)	—			—			—			—
Realized gains on investments and other	897			—			16,255			—			—
Change in fair value of notes payable	(2,600		)	—			—			—			—
Loss on prepayment of long-term debt, net	—			—			—			—			(11,197		)
Interest income	796			243			68			77			55
Interest expense	(12,333		)	(10,874		)	(10,247		)	(9,716		)	(11,258		)
Total other income (expense), net	(14,740		)	(10,631		)	6,076			(9,639		)	(22,400		)
Net income (loss)	$	(116,818	)	$	(92,840	)	$	9,369		$	(85,257	)	$	(61,942	)
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic	163,207			142,964			136,679			123,403			107,794
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted	163,207			142,964			141,692			123,403			107,794
Net earnings (loss) per share – basic	$	(0.72	)	$	(0.65	)	$	0.07		$	(0.69	)	$	(0.57	)
Net earnings (loss) per share – diluted	$	(0.72	)	$	(0.65	)	$	0.07		$	(0.69	)	$	(0.57	)



	June 30,
	2017		2016			2015		2014			2013
Cash cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	235,055	$	110,538		$	178,822	$	111,638		$	108,706
Working capital	200,626		102,867			148,623		68,943			70,732
Total assets	279,145		168,900			198,207		136,625			133,335
Long-term debt, net and notes payable	133,905		113,655			107,280		101,524			96,368
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	11,727		(37,932		)	42,653		(25,721		)	(21,909		)

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ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements about our expectations related to the progress, continuation, timing and success of drug discovery and development activities conducted by Array and by our partners, our ability to obtain additional capital to fund our operations, changes in our research and development spending, realizing new revenue streams and obtaining future out-licensing or collaboration agreements that include up-front, milestone and/or royalty payments, our ability to realize up-front milestone and royalty payments under our existing or any future agreements, future research and development spending, expectations regarding our ability to develop commercialization capabilities and the timing of and costs associated with building these capabilities, and projections relating to the level of cash we expect to use in operations, our working capital requirements and our future headcount requirements. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of terms such as "may," "will," "expects," "intends," "plans," "anticipates," "estimates," "potential," or "continue," or the negative thereof or other comparable terms. These statements are based on current expectations, projections and assumptions made by management and are not guarantees of future performance. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, these expectations or any of the forward-looking statements could prove to be incorrect and actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in the forward-looking statements. Our future financial condition, as well as any forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to the factors set forth under the heading "Item 1A. Risk Factors" under Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in other reports we file with the SEC. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report and, unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our accompanying audited financial statements and related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

Array is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of targeted small molecule cancer therapies. Eight registration studies are currently advancing related to seven Array-owned or partnered drugs: binimetinib (MEK162), encorafenib (LGX818), selumetinib (partnered with AstraZeneca), danoprevir (partnered with Roche), ipatasertib (partnered with Genentech), larotrectinib (partnered with Loxo Oncology) and tucatinib (partnered with Cascadian Therapeutics).

We have received a total of $1.0 billion in research funding and in up-front and milestone payments from partners from inception through June 30, 2017, including $292.0 million in initial payments from strategic agreements that we entered into over the last ten years. We received an up-front cash payment of $85.0 million upon the March 2015 effective date of the asset transfer agreement with Novartis for binimetinib, $30.0 million in January 2016 from Pierre Fabre and $31.2 million in June 2017 from Ono. Our existing partnered programs entitle Array to receive a total of over $2.7 billion in additional milestone payments if we or our partners achieve the drug discovery, development and commercialization objectives detailed in those agreements. We also have the potential to earn royalties on any resulting product sales or share in the proceeds from licensing or commercialization from 17 partnered clinical and discovery programs. The potential milestones we are entitled to receive are further described in Note 5 – Collaboration and Other Agreements to our financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Binimetinib and Encorafenib

In March 2015, we regained development and commercialization rights to binimetinib, a MEK inhibitor, under the Termination and Asset Transfer Agreement with Novartis Pharma AG and Novartis Pharmaceutical Ltd. and acquired development and commercialization rights to encorafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, under the Asset Transfer Agreement

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with Novartis Pharma AG (which we collectively refer to as the “Novartis Agreements”). We believe these programs present significant opportunity to Array in the area of oncology.

Along with global ownership of both assets, we received an upfront payment of $85.0 million from Novartis under the Novartis Agreements. Novartis continues to substantially fund all ongoing trials with binimetinib and encorafenib that were active or planned as of the close of the Novartis Agreements in 2015, including the COLUMBUS Phase 3 trial. Reimbursement revenue from Novartis was approximately $107.2 million for the fiscal 2017, of which $21.8 million was recorded over the quarter ended June 30, 2017.

We have also entered into agreements with Pierre Fabre Medicament SAS, (or "Pierre Fabre" or "PFM") and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (or "Ono") related to the binimetinib and encorafenib programs. The Development and Commercialization Agreement with Pierre Fabre, which became effective in December 2015 (or, the "PF Agreement"), granted Pierre Fabre exclusive commercial rights to countries outside the US, Canada, Japan, South Korea and Israel, including Europe. The License, Development and Commercialization Agreement with Ono, which became effective in May 2017 (or the "Ono Agreement"), granted Ono exclusive rights to commercialize binimetinib and encorafenib in Japan and the Republic of Korea (referred to as the “Ono Territory”), along with the right to develop these products in the Ono Territory. Array retains all rights outside the Ono Territory (subject to the rights granted to Pierre Fabre under the PF Agreement), as well as the right to conduct development and manufacturing activities in the Ono Territory.

All clinical trials involving binimetinib and encorafenib that were active or planned when the Novartis Agreements became effective in March 2015, including the NEMO and COLUMBUS trials and other then active Novartis sponsored and investigator sponsored clinical studies, continue to be reimbursed pursuant to the terms of the Novartis Agreements. Further worldwide development activities of binimetinib and encorafenib are governed by a Global Development Plan (or the "GDP") with Pierre Fabre. Pierre Fabre and Array will jointly fund worldwide development costs under the GDP, with Array covering 60% and Pierre Fabre covering 40% of such costs. The GDP involving Pierre Fabre includes multiple trials, including the BEACON CRC trial, and Pierre Fabre and Array have agreed to commit at least €100 million in combined funds for these studies in colorectal cancer (or "CRC") and melanoma.

Pierre Fabre is responsible for seeking regulatory and pricing and reimbursement approvals in the European Economic Area and its other licensed territories. We have also entered into a clinical and commercial supply agreement with Pierre Fabre pursuant to which we will supply or procure the supply of clinical and commercial supplies of drug substance and drug product for Pierre Fabre, the costs of which will be borne by Pierre Fabre. We have also agreed to cooperate with Pierre Fabre to ensure the supply of companion diagnostics for use with binimetinib and encorafenib in indications where needed.

Under the Ono Agreement, we received an upfront cash payment of ¥3.5 billion, or $31.2 million, and we retain all rights to conduct, either ourself or through third parties, all clinical studies and file related regulatory filings with respect to binimetinib and encorafenib and to develop, manufacture and commercialize binimetinib and encorafenib outside the Ono Territory (subject to rights Array has granted to Pierre Fabre in certain countries). We are also entitled to receive up to ¥1.8 billion in milestone payments from Ono if certain development goals are achieved, ¥5.0 billion in milestone payments from Ono if certain regulatory milestones are achieved, and ¥10.5 billion in milestone payments from Ono if certain sales milestones are achieved. A portion of these milestones represent Ono’s co-funding obligation as part of Ono’s participation in the Phase 3 BEACON CRC trial. Array is further eligible for tiered double-digit royalties on annual net sales of binimetinib and encorafenib in the Ono Territory, starting at 22% for annual net sales under ¥10.0 billion and increasing to 25% for annual net sales in excess of ¥10.0 billion, subject to certain adjustments. Based on exchange rates as of June 30, 2017, ¥1.0 billion was the equivalent of approximately $8.9 million.

Under the Ono agreement, Ono has the right to participate in any future global development of binimetinib and encorafenib by contributing 12% of those future costs. Ono is responsible for any development of binimetinib and encorafenib specifically necessary to obtain regulatory and marketing approvals for products in the Ono Territory and for seeking those approvals. Array will furnish clinical supplies of drug substance to Ono for use in Ono’s development efforts, and Ono may elect to have Array provide commercial supplies of drug product to Ono pursuant to a commercial supply agreement to be entered into by Array and Ono, in each case the costs of which will be borne by Ono. Array has also agreed to discuss and agree on a strategy with Ono to ensure the supply to Ono of companion diagnostics for use with binimetinib and encorafenib in certain indications in the Ono Territory. Each party has also

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agreed not to distribute, sell or promote competing MEK or RAF products in the Ono Territory during the term of the Ono Agreement.

We have also entered into clinical research collaborations with Merck and Bristol-Myers Squibb to study binimetinib plus anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with microsatellite stable metastatic CRC (or "MSS CRC"). The trial with Merck will investigate the safety and efficacy of binimetinib with Merck's KEYTRUDA^® (pembrolizumab). The trial with Bristol-Myers Squibb will investigate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of binimetinib in combination with Bristol-Myers Squibb's Opdivo^® (nivolumab) and Opdivo + Yervoy^® (ipilimumab) regimen. We entered into these collaborations based on the growing body of preclinical and clinical evidence that the immune activity of an anti-PD-1 therapy can be enhanced when combined with a MEK inhibitor, such as binimetinib.

The Phase 1/2 studies are expected to establish recommended dose regimens for further study and explore the preliminary anti-tumor activity of the combinations. Results from these studies, which are anticipated to begin in the second half of 2017, will be used to determine optimal approaches to further clinical development of these combinations. Under the Merck agreement, Merck will act as the sponsor of this clinical trial, and Array will supply Merck with binimetinib for use in the trial. Under the Bristol-Myers Squibb agreement, Array and Bristol-Myers Squibb will jointly support the study with Array acting as the sponsor.

Binimetinib and encorafenib are currently being studied in Phase 3 trials in advanced cancer patients, including the COLUMBUS trial studying encorafenib in combination with binimetinib in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma and the BEACON CRC trial (Binimetinib, Encorafenib and Cetuximab Combined to treat BRAF-mutant CRC) to study encorafenib in combination with binimetinib and cetuximab in patients with BRAF V600E-mutant CRC (or "BRAFm CRC"). Binimetinib and encorafenib are investigational medicines and are not currently approved in any country.

COLUMBUS

We continue to advance the Phase 3 COLUMBUS trial, which compares binimetinib and encorafenib versus vemurafenib in BRAF-mutant melanoma patients. As part of this trial, Array submitted two NDAs to the FDA to support use of the combination of binimetinib 45 mg twice daily and encorafenib 450 mg once daily (or "COMBO450") for the treatment of patients with BRAF-mutant advanced, unresectable or metastatic melanoma. The submissions are supported by data from the pivotal Phase 3 COLUMBUS study, whicth showed that patients who received binimetinib and encorafenib had a significantly longer progression free survival (or "PFS") compared to patients receiving vemurafenib. Array’s European partner, Pierre Fabre, remains on track to file the Marketing Authorization Applications for binimetininb and encorafenib during the summer 2017.

BEACON

We are advancing the BEACON CRC trial, a global Phase 3 trial of encorafenib and Erbitux® (cetuximab), with or without binimetinib, versus standard of care in patients with BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer (or "CRC") who have previously received first- or second-line systemic therapy. In May 2017, Array announced that based on an attractive safety profile and with early encouraging clinical activity observed in the safety lead-in, the randomized portion of the trial continues to enroll patients. Data from the safety lead-in will be presented at the ESMO Congress in September 2017 in Madrid, Spain. The presentation will include objective response rate, duration of exposure, durability of response and details on adverse event reporting.

BEACON CRC was initiated based on results from a Phase 2 study including the combination of encorafenib and cetuximab in patients with advanced BRAF-mutant CRC, which were presented at the 2016 ASCO annual meeting. In this study median Overall Survival for these patients exceeded one year, which is more than double several historical published benchmarks for this population.

ARRY-382 AND ARRY-797

We are advancing a Phase 1/2 dose escalation immuno-oncology trial of ARRY-382 in combination with pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), a PD-1 antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors, including melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. ARRY-382 is a wholly-owned, highly selective and potent, small molecule inhibitor of CSF-1R kinase activity.

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We plan to initiate a Phase 3 trial of ARRY-797, an oral, selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, in patients with LMNA A/C-related dilated cardiomyopathy this summer as it evaluates options regarding the asset, including advancing it internally, partnering the program for further development and commercialization or creating a separate company. LMNA A/C-related dilated cardiomyopathy is a rare, degenerative cardiovascular disease caused by mutations in the LMNA gene and characterized by poor prognosis.

Amgen Collaboration

We initiated an inflammation collaboration agreement with Amgen for the discovery and development of novel drugs for autoimmune disorders. The undisclosed target and lead inhibitors were discovered using Array's proprietary Kinase-Directed Phenotypic Screening Platform that leverages our deep expertise in chemistry and early lead development. Under the terms of the agreement, Amgen and Array will collaborate on preclinical development with Array leading the medicinal chemistry work. Amgen is responsible for clinical development and commercialization. In exchange for exclusive rights to our preclinical program, Amgen will make upfront and milestone payments, as well as pay royalties on sales of resulting therapies.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

On August 7, 2017, we entered into an amendment to the convertible promissory notes issued to Redmile Biopharma Investments I, L.P. and Redmile Capital Offshore Fund II, Ltd. pursuant to which the maturity date of each of the notes was extended to August 6, 2018 and the exit fee payable upon cash repayment of each of the notes was increased to an amount equal to 50% , or $5.0 million of the principal amount under each of the notes.

Business Development and Partner Concentrations

We currently license or partner certain of our compounds and/or programs and enter into collaborations directly with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies through opportunities identified by our business development group, senior management, scientists and customer referrals. In general, our partners may terminate their agreements with us with 60 to 180 days' prior notice. Specifics regarding termination provisions under our material collaboration or license agreements can be found in Note 5 – Collaboration and Other Agreements to the accompanying audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Additional information related to the concentration of revenue among our partners is reported in Note 1 – Overview, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Concentration of Business Risks to the accompanying audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

All of our collaboration and license agreements are denominated in U.S. dollars, except our agreement with Ono which is denominated in Japanese Yen.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our accompanying financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, and which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates are the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities, which in turn may impact our reported revenue and expenses. Our actual results could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions

about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably

could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could

materially impact the financial statements.

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Accrued Outsourcing Costs

Substantial portions of our preclinical studies and clinical trials are performed by third-party laboratories, medical centers, contract research organizations and other vendors, or collectively "CROs". These CROs generally bill monthly or quarterly for services performed, or bill based upon milestone achievement. For preclinical studies, we accrue expenses based upon estimated percentage of work completed and the contract milestones remaining. For clinical studies, expenses are accrued based upon the number of patients enrolled and the duration of the study. We monitor patient enrollment, the progress of clinical studies and related activities to the extent possible through internal reviews of data reported to us by the CROs, correspondence with the CROs and clinical site visits. Our estimates depend on the timeliness and accuracy of the data provided by the CROs regarding the status of each program and total program spending. We periodically evaluate the estimates to determine if adjustments are necessary or appropriate based on information we receive.

Fair Value of Notes Payable

To measure the fair value of the principal amount on the Notes issued to Redmile, the Company was required to determine the fair value of the principal amount on the Notes and the conversion feature of the Notes. The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the method of payment of the principal amount by potential outcome and scenario, and applied the income approach to determine the fair value of the Notes, discounting the principal amount due under the Notes by market interest rates under potential scenarios. The Monte Carlo simulation utilized the following assumptions: (i) expected term; (ii) common stock price; (iii) risk-free interest rate; and (iv) expected volatility. The fair value of the Notes is impacted by certain unobservable inputs, most significantly management's assumptions regarding the discount rates used, the probabilities of certain scenarios occurring, expected volatility, share price performance, and expected scenario timing. Significant changes to these inputs in isolation or in the aggregate could result in a significantly different fair value measurement.

See Note 8 – Fair Value Measurements to the accompanying audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue for the performance of services or the shipment of products when each of the following four criteria is met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (ii) products are delivered or as services are rendered; (iii) the sales price is fixed or determinable; and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.

We follow ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition – Multiple-Element Arrangements and ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements, where applicable, to determine the recognition of revenue under our collaborative research, development and commercialization agreements deemed to include multiple elements. These multiple elements, or deliverables, may include (i) grants of licenses, or options to obtain licenses, to our intellectual property, (ii) research and development services, (iii) drug product manufacturing, and/or (iv) participation on joint research and/or joint development committees. The payments we may receive under these arrangements typically include one or more of the following: non-refundable, up-front license fees; option exercise fees; funding of research and/or development efforts; amounts due upon the achievement of specified objectives; and/or royalties on future product sales.

ASC 605-25 provides guidance relating to the separability of deliverables included in an arrangement into different units of accounting and the allocation of arrangement consideration to the units of accounting. The evaluation of multiple-element arrangements requires management to make judgments about (i) the identification of deliverables, (ii) whether such deliverables are separable from the other aspects of the contractual relationship, (iii) the estimated selling price of each deliverable, and (iv) the expected period of performance for each deliverable.

To determine the units of accounting under a multiple-element arrangement, management evaluates certain separation criteria, including whether the deliverables have stand-alone value, based on the relevant facts and circumstances for each arrangement. Management then estimates the selling price for each unit of accounting and allocates the arrangement consideration to each unit utilizing the relative selling price method. The allocated consideration for each unit of accounting is recognized over the related obligation period in accordance with the applicable revenue recognition criteria.

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If there are deliverables in an arrangement that are not separable from other aspects of the contractual relationship, they are treated as a combined unit of accounting, with the allocated revenue for the combined unit recognized in a manner consistent with the revenue recognition applicable to the final deliverable in the combined unit. Payments received prior to satisfying the relevant revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying balance sheets and recognized as revenue when the related revenue recognition criteria are met.

We typically receive non-refundable, up-front payments when licensing our intellectual property, which often occurs in conjunction with a research and development agreement. When management believes that the license to our intellectual property has stand-alone value, we generally recognize revenue attributed to the license upon delivery provided that there are no future performance requirements for use of the license. When management believes that the license to our intellectual property does not have stand-alone value, we typically recognize revenue attributed to the license on a straight-line basis over the contractual or estimated performance period. When the performance period is not specifically identifiable from the agreement, we estimate the performance period based upon provisions contained within the agreement, such as the duration of the research or development term.

Most of our agreements provide for non-refundable milestone payments. We recognize revenue that is contingent upon the achievement of a substantive milestone in its entirety in the period in which the milestone is achieved. A milestone is considered substantive when the consideration payable to us for such milestone (i) is consistent with our performance necessary to achieve the milestone or the increase in value to the collaboration resulting from our performance, (ii) relates solely to our past performance and (iii) is reasonable relative to all of the other deliverables and payments within the arrangement. In making this assessment, we consider all facts and circumstances relevant to the arrangement, including factors such as the scientific, regulatory, commercial and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the milestone, the level of effort and investment required to achieve the milestone and whether any portion of the milestone consideration is related to future performance or deliverables.

For payments payable on achievement of milestones that do not meet all of the conditions to be considered substantive, we recognize a portion of the payment as revenue when the specific milestone is achieved, and the contingency is removed, based on the applicable percentage earned of the estimated research or development effort, or other performance obligations that have elapsed, to the total estimated research and/or development effort attributable to the milestone. In other cases, when a non-substantive milestone payment is attributed to our future research or development obligations, we recognize the revenue on a straight-line basis, or other appropriate method, over the estimated remaining research or development effort. Other contingent event-based payments for which payment is either contingent solely upon the passage of time or the result of our partner's or collaborator's performance are recognized when earned.

We periodically review the estimated performance periods under each of our agreements that provide for non-refundable up-front payments, license fees or milestone payments. We adjust the periods over which revenue should be recognized when appropriate to reflect changes in assumptions relating to the estimated performance periods. We could accelerate revenue recognition in the event of early termination of programs or if our expectations change. Alternatively, we could decelerate revenue recognition if programs are extended or delayed. While such changes to our estimates have no impact on our reported cash flows, the amount of revenue recorded in future periods could be materially impacted.

We record as revenue amounts received as reimbursement of costs we incur from our license partners where we act as a principal, control the research and development activities, bear credit risk and may perform part of the services required in the transactions, consistent with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605-45-15. Novartis currently provides financial support to Array in the form of reimbursement for all associated out-of-pocket costs and for one-half or more of our fully-burdened full-time equivalent ("FTE") costs based on an agreed-upon FTE rate for all clinical trials involving binimetinib and encorafenib that were active at the time the Novartis Agreements became effective. The gross amount of these pass-through reimbursed costs are reported as revenue in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in accordance with ASC 605-45-15. The actual expenses for which we are reimbursed are reflected as research and development for proprietary programs or cost of partnered programs, as applicable.

See Note 5 – Collaboration and Other Agreements to the accompanying audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

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Results of Operations

Revenue

Below is a summary of our total revenue (dollars in thousands):



							Change					Change
	Year Ended June 30,						2017 vs. 2016					2016 vs. 2015
	2017		2016		2015		$			%		$			%
License and milestone revenue	$	19,844	$	3,876	$	20,367	$	15,968		412	%	$	(16,491	)	(81	)%
Reimbursement revenue	107,197		107,330		7,020		(133		)	—	%	100,310			1,429	%
Collaboration and other revenue	23,811		26,673		24,522		(2,862		)	(11	)%	$	2,151		9	%
Total revenue	$	150,852	$	137,879	$	51,909	$	12,973		9	%	$	85,970		166	%

License and Milestone Revenue

License and milestone revenue consists of up-front license fees and ongoing milestone payments from partners and

collaborators.

Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 – We earned and recognized as revenue $12.9 million in fiscal 2017 for the achievement of six milestones which were primarily associated with our collaborations with Loxo, Genentech and Roche, compared to $1.3 million recognized for three milestones during fiscal 2016. Additionally, we recognized 12 months of license revenue from the upfront payments received from Pierre Fabre, Asahi Kasei and Mirati during fiscal 2017, resulting in $3.8 million additional revenue as compared to the prior year.

Fiscal 2016 compared to Fiscal 2015 – The majority of the license revenue for fiscal 2016 relates to $1.6 million in license fee revenue from Pierre Fabre, $1.3 million in revenue from Loxo, most of which resulted from a milestone payment, and $0.6 million in license fee revenue from Asahi Kasei. The majority of the license and milestone revenue for fiscal 2015 related to recognition of $20.0 million up-front fee received from Cascadian Therapeutics, which resulted from the License Agreement entered into with Cascadian Therapeutics in December 2014.

Reimbursement Revenue

Reimbursement revenue consists of amounts received for reimbursement of costs we incur from our license partners and other counterparties where Array acts as a principal, controls the research and development activities, bears credit risk and may perform part of the services required in the transactions.

As discussed in Note 5 - Collaboration and Other Agreements to our financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, Array regained all development and commercialization rights to binimetinib, and obtained all development and commercialization rights to encorafenib from Novartis on March 2, 2015. In connection with the closing of these transactions, Array and Novartis entered into two Transition Agreements dated March 2, 2015, one associated with the binimetinib and the other associated with the encorafenib . Novartis Pharma will provide substantial financial support to Array under the Transition Agreements for all clinical trials involving binimetinib and encorafenib in the form of reimbursement to Array for all associated out-of-pocket costs and for one-half of Array’s fully-burdened full-time equivalent ("FTE") costs based on an annual FTE rate. As of June 30, 2016, Novartis Pharma had transitioned responsibility for all previously Novartis-conducted trials and will provide this continuing financial support to Array for completing the trials. As shown in the table above, we recognized approximately $107.2 million and $107.3 million in reimbursement revenue for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which consisted solely of reimbursements to Array from Novartis under the Transition Agreements for specific clinical trials involving binimetinib and encorafenib for the periods presented.

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Collaboration and Other Revenue

Collaboration and other revenue consists of revenue for our performance of drug discovery and development activities

in collaboration with partners, which includes development of proprietary drug candidates we out-license, as well as

screening, lead generation, and lead optimization research. We also report recognition of the previously deferred revenue related to ongoing obligations from the Novartis Agreements as collaboration revenue.

Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 – Collaboration and other revenue was $23.8 million and $26.7 million for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, representing a decrease of 11% over the comparable period. Collaboration and other revenue includes $1.8 million of deferred revenue recognized during the year ended June 30, 2017 for the up-front payment received from Novartis upon the effective date of the Novartis Agreements in March 2015, compared to $3.6 million recognized during fiscal 2016. We recognized this revenue over a 28-month deferral period, which was our estimate of the number of months we expected to be required to materially complete our performance with respect to the applicable clinical trials under the Novartis Agreements. The entire deferred balance has been recognized as revenue as of June 30, 2017. During the year ended June 30, 2017, we also recognized $7.6 million additional incremental revenue under new or expanded collaborations with Pierre Fabre, Asahi Kasei and Mirati. These increases were offset by $8.4 million decreased revenue associated with the conclusion of the Celgene and Biogen collaborations during fiscal 2016 and fewer FTEs working on our collaboration with Loxo as compared to the prior year.

Fiscal 2016 compared to Fiscal 2015 – Collaboration and other revenue was $26.7 million and $24.5 million for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, or an increase of 9% over the comparable period. Collaboration and other revenue includes $3.6 million of deferred revenue recognized during the year ended June 30, 2016 for the up-front payment received from Novartis upon the effective date of the Novartis Agreements in March 2015. We are recording this revenue over a 22-month deferral period, which is the estimated number of months we expect will be required to complete our performance with respect to the applicable clinical trials under the Novartis Agreements. During the year ended June 30, 2016, we also recorded revenue of $3.1 million, $11.4 million, $3.3 million and $2.8 million for our performance of drug discovery and development activities related to Celgene, Loxo, Mirati and Biogen, respectively. During the year ended June 30, 2015, we recorded revenue of $4.1 million, $9.2 million, $1.2 million and $4.6 million for our performance of drug discovery and development activities related to Celgene, Loxo, Mirati and Biogen, respectively. Our collaboration arrangement with Biogen was terminated during fiscal 2016.

Cost of Partnered Programs

Cost of partnered programs represents research and development costs attributable to discovery and development including preclinical and clinical trials we may conduct for or with our partners. Research and development costs primarily consist of personnel related expenses, including salaries, benefits, costs to recruit and relocate new employees, travel, and other related expenses, stock-based compensation, payments made to third party contract research organizations for preclinical and clinical studies, investigative sites for clinical trials and consultants, the cost of acquiring and manufacturing clinical trial materials, costs associated with regulatory filings and patents, software and facilities, and laboratory costs and other supply costs.

Below is a summary of our cost of partnered programs (dollars in thousands):



							Change				Change
	Year Ended June 30,						2017 vs. 2016				2016 vs. 2015
	2017		2016		2015		$		%		$			%

Cost of partnered programs	$	35,395	$	23,166	$	44,392	$	12,229	53	%	$	(21,226	)	(48	)%

Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 – Cost of partnered programs increased $12.2 million in fiscal 2017 compared to the prior year primarily due to increases in our share of development costs relating to the BEACON CRC trial of binimetinib and encorafenib in partnership with Pierre Fabre.

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Fiscal 2016 compared to Fiscal 2015 – The decrease in the cost of partnered programs from approximately $44.4 million to approximately $23.2 million was primarily attributable to shifting the recording of our costs associated with the development of binimetinib from cost of partnered programs to research and development for proprietary programs upon regaining the rights to binimetinib in March 2015.

Research and Development Expenses for Proprietary Programs

Our research and development expenses for proprietary programs include costs associated with our proprietary drug programs, which primarily consist of personnel related expenses, including salaries, benefits, costs to recruit and relocate new employees, travel, and other related expenses, stock-based compensation, payments made to third party contract research organizations for preclinical and clinical studies, investigative sites for clinical trials and consultants, the cost of acquiring and manufacturing clinical trial materials, costs associated with regulatory filings and patents, software and facilities, and laboratory costs and other supply costs. We manage our proprietary programs based on scientific data and achievement of research plan goals. Our scientists record their time to specific projects when possible; however, many activities simultaneously benefit multiple projects and cannot be readily attributed to a specific project. Accordingly, the accurate assignment of time and costs to a specific project is difficult and may not give a true indication of the actual costs of a particular project. As a result, we do not report costs on a program basis.

Below is a summary of our research and development expenses for proprietary programs by categories of costs for the fiscal years presented (dollars in thousands):



							Change					Change
	Year Ended June 30,						2017 vs. 2016					2016 vs. 2015
	2017		2016		2015		$			%		$			%
Salaries, benefits and share-based compensation	$	28,832	$	20,047	$	14,697	$	8,785		44	%	$	5,350		36	%
Outsourced services and consulting	137,255		130,229		28,433		7,026			5	%	101,796			358	%
Laboratory supplies	5,563		4,714		4,513		849			18	%	201			4	%
Facilities and depreciation	4,700		3,657		5,229		1,043			29	%	(1,572		)	(30	)%
Other	1,849		2,008		1,570		(159		)	(8	)%	438			28	%
Total research and development expenses	$	178,199	$	160,655	$	54,442	$	17,544		11	%	$	106,213		195	%

Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 – Research and development expenses for proprietary programs increased 11% compared to the prior year primarily due to increased outsourced services and consulting costs required for the advancement of clinical trials for binimetinib and encorafenib. During fiscal 2017, we also incurred costs associated with the preparation of commercial batches of binimetinib and encorafenib as well NDA submission costs in excess of costs incurred during the prior year.

Fiscal 2016 compared to Fiscal 2015 – Research and development expenses for proprietary programs increased during the current fiscal year primarily due to the inclusion of costs related to clinical trials for binimetinib and encorafenib. Additionally, we incurred incremental research and development costs related to transitioning the Novartis-sponsored studies as well as for new clinical trials and the establishment of commercial drug supply since regaining all development and commercialization rights to binimetinib and obtaining all development and commercialization rights to encorafenib in March 2015.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist mainly of compensation and associated fringe benefits not included in cost of partnered programs or research and development expenses for proprietary programs and include other management, business development, accounting, information technology and administration costs, including patent filing and prosecution, recruiting and relocation, consulting and professional services, travel and meals, sales commissions, facilities, depreciation and other office expenses.

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Below is a summary of our general and administrative expenses (dollars in thousands):



							Change				Change
	Year Ended June 30,						2017 vs. 2016				2016 vs. 2015
	2017		2016		2015		$		%		$		%

General and administrative expenses	$	39,336	$	36,267	$	31,433	$	3,069	8	%	$	4,834	15	%

Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 – The increase in general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2017 are primarily driven by costs associated with building our commercial infrastructure as we prepare for the potential launch of certain of our drug candidates as well as increased legal expenses and share-based compensation charges compared with the prior year.

Fiscal 2016 compared to Fiscal 2015 – The increase in general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2016 are primarily due to commercialization pre-launch marketing activities, with no similar costs being incurred during the prior fiscal year.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Below is a summary of our other income (expense) (dollars in thousands):



										Change					Change
	Year Ended June 30,									2017 vs. 2016					2016 vs. 2015
	2017			2016			2015			$			%		$			%

Impairment loss related to cost method investment	$	(1,500	)	$	—		$	—		$	(1,500	)	(a)		$	—		(a)
Realized gains on investments and other	$	897		$	—		$	16,255		$	897		(a)		$	(16,255	)	(100	)%
Change in fair value of notes payable	(2,600		)	—			—			$	(2,600	)	(a)		$	—		(a)
Interest income	796			243			68			$	553		228	%	$	175		257	%
Interest expense	(12,333		)	(10,874		)	(10,247		)	$	(1,459	)	13	%	$	(627	)	6	%
Total other income (expense), net	$	(14,740	)	$	(10,631	)	$	6,076		$	(4,109	)	39	%	$	(16,707	)	(275	)%

(a) Percent change is not meaningful.

Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 – Prior to September 30, 2016, the shares of preferred stock of VentiRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. that we received under a February 2007 collaboration and licensing agreement with VentiRx had a recorded cost of $1.5 million. We did not have a controlling interest nor did we exert significant influence over VentiRx. During the first quarter of fiscal 2017, a triggering event occurred related to the underlying viability of the investment which caused us to record a $1.5 million impairment loss related to this investment. During the third quarter of fiscal 2017, Celgene Corporation acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of VentiRx and we received cash proceeds in the amount of $0.5 million for our share of the proceeds of this acquisition. As of June 30, 2017, we have no remaining equity in VentiRx. As a result of the acquisition by Celgene, we may be entitled to our portion of additional proceeds from Celgene that are currently held in escrow, as well as our proportionate share of future milestone payments if VentiRx achieves certain development milestones set forth in the agreement with Celgene.

We also recorded a $2.6 million increase in the fair value of the Convertible Promissory Notes issued to Redmile during the twelve months ended June 30, 2017, as discussed in Note 8 - Fair Value Measurements to our financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Interest income is earned from our investments in available-for-sale marketable securities. Interest expense is primarily related to our 3.00% convertible senior notes due 2020, but also includes interest expense related to Convertible Promissory Notes we issued to Redmile, our term loan with Comerica Bank and our term loan with Silicon Valley Bank, which replaced our Comerica Bank facility in December 2016. .

Fiscal 2016 compared to Fiscal 2015 – Other income (expense), exclusive of realized gain from marketable securities, net, remained relatively constant between the periods primarily because there were no significant dollar changes to interest income and interest expense. Interest income is earned from our investments in available-for-sale marketable securities. Interest expense is primarily related to our 3.00% convertible senior notes due 2020, but also includes interest expense related to our term loan with Comerica Bank.

Details of our interest expense for all of our debt arrangements outstanding during the periods presented, including actual interest paid and amortization of debt and loan transaction fees, are presented below and in Note 7 – Long-term Debt to our financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report of Form 10-K.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

With the exception of the 2015 fiscal year, we have incurred operating losses and an accumulated deficit as a result of ongoing research and development spending since inception. As of June 30, 2017, we had an accumulated deficit of $918.7 million. We had a net loss of $116.8 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017, net loss of $92.8 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, and net income of $9.4 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015. The net income in fiscal 2015 was primarily the result of the net gain realized in that year resulting from payments we received related to the return of binimetinib and acquisition of encorafenib, as well as realized gains from the sale of marketable securities.

In connection with the March 2, 2015 closing of the Novartis Agreements as discussed in Note 3 - Binimetinib and Encorafenib Agreements, to the accompanying audited financial statements, we received an $85.0 million cash payment, received $5.0 million for the reimbursement of certain transaction costs, extinguished net co-development liabilities of $21.6 million and recorded deferred revenue of $6.6 million. We also entered into a third party agreement during the third quarter to complete the Novartis transactions for a net consideration payment of $25.0 million.

For the year ended June 30, 2017, our net cash used in operations was $39.4 million. We have historically funded our operations from up-front fees and license and milestone payments received under our drug collaborations and license agreements, the sale of equity securities, and debt provided by convertible debt and other credit facilities. During the years ended June 30, 2017, and 2016 we received net proceeds of $30.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively, from sales in an at-the-market offering of our common stock made from time to time under our Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (or "Cantor") as well as net proceeds of $9.8 million upon the issuance of Subordinated Convertible Promissory Notes to Redmile Biopharma Investments I, L.P. and Redmile Capital Offshore Fund II, Ltd. (collectively, “Redmile”) in September 2015 and $124.2 million in net proceeds in October 2016 from an underwritten public offering of our common stock. Additionally, as of June 30, 2017, we have received a total of $319.4 million from up-front fees and license and milestone payments since December 2009. For more information on our equity offerings and our outstanding debt, see Note 7 - Debt and Note 10 - Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) to the accompanying audited financial statements.

Management believes that our cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable as of June 30, 2017 will enable us to continue to fund operations in the normal course of business for at least the next 12 months from the date of filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Until we can generate sufficient levels of cash from operations, which we do not expect to achieve in the next two years, and because sufficient funds may not be available to us when needed from existing collaborations, we expect that we will be required to continue to fund our operations in part through the sale of debt or equity securities, through licensing select programs, or partial economic rights that include upfront, royalty and/or milestone payments.

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Our assessment of our future need for funding and our ability to continue to fund our operations through the sale of debt or equity securities or from upfront fees, milestone payments or other sources are forward-looking statements that are based on assumptions that may prove to be wrong and that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. We may be unable to obtain such funding when needed or on terms that are favorable to us. In addition, our actual future capital requirements could vary as a result of a number of factors. These risks, uncertainties and factors are described further below under the heading "Item 1A. Risk Factors" under Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other reports we file with the SEC.

If we are unable to generate enough revenue from our existing or new collaborations or license agreements when needed or secure additional sources of funding and receive related full and timely collections of amounts due, it may be necessary to significantly reduce our current rate of spending through reductions in staff and delaying, scaling back or stopping certain research and development programs, including more costly late phase clinical trials on our wholly-owned programs. These events could prevent us from successfully executing our operating plan and, in the future, could raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. These events may also result in our inability to maintain the liquidity ratio required under our Loan Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities and Accounts Receivable

Cash equivalents are short-term, highly-liquid financial instruments that are readily convertible to cash and have maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase.

Short-term marketable securities consist primarily of U.S. government agency obligations with maturities of greater than 90 days when purchased. Long-term marketable securities are primarily securities held under our deferred compensation plan.

In each of the periods presented below, accounts receivable consists primarily of current receivables expected to be paid by Novartis within three months or less. Balances owed to Array by Novartis as of each balance sheet date shown relate to the Transition Agreements.

Below is a summary of our cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable (in thousands):



	June 30,						Change			Change
	2017		2016		2015		2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015

Cash and cash equivalents	$	125,933	$	56,598	$	55,691	$	69,335		$	907
Marketable securities – short-term	108,390		53,344		122,635		55,046			(69,291		)
Marketable securities – long-term	732		596		496		136			100
Accounts receivable	31,279		39,302		6,307		(8,023		)	32,995
Total	$	266,334	$	149,840	$	185,129	$	116,494		$	(35,289	)

Cash Flow Activities

Below is a summary of our cash flow activities (in thousands):



	Year Ended June 30,									Change			Change
	2017			2016			2015			2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(39,354	)	$	(70,090	)	$	(5,793	)	$	30,736		$	(64,297	)
Investing activities	(58,116		)	66,027			(58,049		)	(124,143		)	124,076
Financing activities	166,805			4,970			50,942			161,835			(45,972		)
Total	$	69,335		$	907		$	(12,900	)	$	68,428		$	13,807

Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 – Net cash used in operating activities decreased $30.7 million during fiscal year 2016, primarily due to the $24.0 million increase in net loss, an $8.2 million increase in non-cash charges, and a $46.8 million increase in working capital.

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Net cash used in investing activities decreased $124.1 million due to a decrease in proceeds from maturities and sales of investment securities and an increase in purchases of securities during the current period following our public offering of shares of common stock in October 2016, as compared to the prior year period where maturities and sales of investment securities exceeded purchases.

Net cash provided by financing activities increased $161.8 million primarily related to $124.2 million in net proceeds from the follow-on offering of our common stock in October 2016, $27.2 million increased net proceeds for at-the-market sales of our common stock under our Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald, and $9.8 million in net proceeds from the Convertible Promissory Notes we issued to Redmile in September 2016.

Fiscal 2016 compared to Fiscal 2015 – Net cash used in operating activities increased $64.3 million during fiscal year 2016, primarily due to the increase in net loss of $102.2 million resulting from the one-time gain on the Binimetinib and Encorafenib Agreements as well as the gain on sale of our chemistry, manufacturing and controls ("CMC") assets during fiscal 2015 that did not recur during fiscal 2016. This increase in net loss along with the increase of accounts receivable of $25.4 million, primarily resulting from the Novartis reimbursement arrangement, was partially offset by an increase in deferred revenue of $36.2 million primarily resulting from the proceeds from the Pierre Fabre Development and Commercialization Agreement and the Asahi Kasai Collaboration and License Agreement, the reduction in the co-development liability of $21.6 million from the termination of the Novartis license agreement in March 2015 and the reduction in realized gain from the sale of marketable securities of $16.3 million.

Net cash from investing activities increased $124.1 million due to proceeds from maturities and sales of investment

securities outweighing our purchases of replacement securities during the current period, as compared to the prior

year period where purchases exceeded maturities and sales of investment securities.

Net cash provided by financing activities decreased $46.0 million due to reduced sales of our common stock under our sales agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald.

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Obligations and Commitments

The following table shows our contractual obligations and commitments as of June 30, 2017 (in thousands):



	Less than 1 Year		1 to 3 Years		4 to 5 Years		Over 5 Years		Total

Debt obligations (1)	$	—	$	149,750	$	7,500	$	—	$	157,250
Interest on debt obligations (2)(3)(4)	4,310		9,207		1,321		—		14,838
Operating lease commitments (2)	3,811		7,865		8,151		11,531		31,358
Capital lease commitments (1)	78		125		38		—		241
Purchase obligations (2)(5)	—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	8,199	$	166,947	$	17,010	$	11,531	$	203,687